Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Enhance Physicochemical Characteristics of Grossman Sealer

Introduction: Metallic antibacterial nanoparticles have been shown to provide distinct antibacterial advantage and antibiofilm efficacy when applied in infected root canals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-Np) on the physicochemical properties of Grossman sealer. Methods: Grossman sealer was prepared according to its original formula. Additionally, 4 experimental sealers were prepared by replacing the zinc oxide component of the powder with ZnO-Np (average size of 20 nm) in different amounts (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). Characterization of the setting time, flow, solubility, dimensional changes, and. radiopacity were performed according to American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/American Dental Association (ADA) Specification 57. Scanning electron microscopic and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analyses were conducted to assess the ultrastructural and chemical characteristics of experimental sealers subjected to the solubility test. Statistical analyses were performed with analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey-Kramer tests with a significance level of 5%. Results: A statistically significant difference in the setting time was observed among groups (P < .05), but only 25% ZnO-Np sealer complied with ANSI/ADA requirements. There was a significant difference in the flow characteristics between the control and 25% and 75% ZnO-Np experimental sealers (P < .05), but all sealers conformed to ANSI/ADA standardization; 25% ZnO-Np sealer showed significantly less solubility (1.81% +/- 0.31%) and dimensional change (-0.34% +/- 0.12%) than other sealers (P < .05). All sealers showed ultrastructural changes with increasing solubility. Conclusions: ZnO-Np decreased the setting time and dimensional changes characteristic of Grossman sealer; 25% ZnO-Np improved the physicochemical properties of Grossman sealer in accordance with ANSI/ADA requirements.