期刊
SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 29, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103338
关键词
Cattle; (IMIs), Intramammary infections; Molecular typing methods; (MRSA), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; (S. aureus), Staphylococcus aureus
类别
This review introduces the typing methods commonly used in the epidemiology and evolution research of Staphylococcus aureus infection in cattle, including multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing, Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and DNA microarrays. These methods have their own advantages and limitations and can be used for different types of studies.
In cattle, Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen of increasing importance due to its association with intramammary infections (IMIs), which are a primary cause of antibiotic use on farms and thus of the rise in antibiotic resistance. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which are frequently isolated from cases of bovine mastitis, represent a public health problem worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology and the evolution of these strains relies on typing methods. Such methods were phenotypic at first, but more recently, molecular methods have been increasingly utilized. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), a high-throughput molecular method for determining genetic diversity and the emergence of host- or udder-adapted clones, appears to be the most useful PCR-based method. Despite the difficulties present in reproducibility, interlaboratory reliability, and hard work, it is agreed that pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) remains the gold standard, particularly for short-term surveillance. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a good typing method for long-term and global epidemiological investigations, but it is not suitable for outbreak investigations. Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing is the most widely used method today for first-line typing in the study of molecular evolution, and outbreaks investigations. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing has gained popularity for the evolutionary analysis of MRSA strains. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA microarrays that represent relatively new DNA-based technologies, provide more information for tracking antibioresistant and virulent outbreak strains. They offer a higher discriminatory power, but are not suitable for routine use in clinical veterinary medicine at this time. Descriptions of the evolution of these methods, their advantages, and limitations are given in this review. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.
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