A pluralistic view of holobionts in the context of process ontology

Developing precise definitions and fine categories is an important part of the scientific endeavour, enabling fidelity of transfers of knowledge and the progress of science. Currently, as a result of research on symbiotic microorganisms, science has been flooded with discoveries which appear to undermine many commonly accepted concepts and to introduce new ones that often require updated conceptualisations. One question currently being debated concerns whether or not a holobiont can be considered an organism. Based on which concept, physiology or evolutionary, of the organism is chosen, the verdict differs. We attempt here to show how a change in perspective, from that of substance ontology into that of process ontology, is capable of reconciling opposing positions within the existing discussion and enabling the implementation of conceptual pluralism.

Automated summary

Developing precise definitions and fine categories is crucial for scientific progress. Research on symbiotic microorganisms has challenged commonly accepted concepts and introduced new ones, sparking debates on whether a holobiont can be considered an organism. This article explores how a shift from substance ontology to process ontology can reconcile opposing views and promote conceptual pluralism.