Flood Management Issues in Hilly Regions of Uttarakhand (India) under Changing Climatic Conditions

Uttarakhand, an Indian Himalayan state in India, is famous for its natural environment, health rejuvenation, adventure, and a pilgrimage centre for various religions. It is categorised into two major regions, i.e., the Garhwal and the Kumaon, and geographically, the Bhabar and the Terai. Floods, cloudbursts, glacier lake outbursts, and landslides are the major natural hazards that cause the highest number of mortalities and property damage in this state. After becoming a full 27th state of India in 2000, the developmental activities have increased many folds, which has added to such calamities. This study briefly summarises the major incidents of flood damage, describes the fragile geology of this Himalayan state, and identifies the natural as well as the anthropogenic causes of the flood as a disaster. It also highlights the issue of climate change in the state and its adverse impact in the form of extreme precipitation. Besides these, it reviews the challenges involved in flood management and highlights the effective flood risk management plan that may be adopted to alleviate its adverse impacts.

Automated summary

Uttarakhand, an Indian Himalayan state, is famous for its natural environment, health rejuvenation, adventure, and as a pilgrimage centre. However, it faces major natural hazards such as floods, cloudbursts, glacier lake outbursts, and landslides, causing numerous fatalities and property damage. Climate change also has adverse impacts in the form of extreme precipitation in the state.