Critically ill COVID-19 patients with neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons have increased risk of herpesvirus disease

Letter Immunology

Transient Increase of Pre-existing Anti-IFN-α2 Antibodies Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Sophie Steels et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Editorial Material Medicine, Research & Experimental

Autoimmunity is a hallmark of post-COVID syndrome

Manuel Rojas et al.

Summary: Autoimmunity is a characteristic of post-COVID syndrome (PCS), and it is correlated with the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2.

JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies

Jeremy Manry et al.

Summary: This study investigates the impact of autoimmunity on COVID-19-related deaths and finds that individuals carrying autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons are at higher risk of death, with the risk decreasing with age.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Safety of Tofacitinib in a Real-World Cohort of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

Parakkal Deepak et al.

Summary: In a real-world study of UC patients given tofacitinib, adverse events occurred in 15.7% of patients, most of which were infections. Serious adverse events occurred at a rate of 10.0%, with HZ infection and VTE primarily occurring in patients receiving 10 mg tofacitinib twice per day.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Primary and Acquired Immunodeficiencies Associated With Severe Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections

Rahila Ansari et al.

Summary: The study looked at a patient with varicella-zoster virus central nervous system vasculopathy and found that certain immune deficiencies can hinder interferon activity, potentially worsening the disease. Genes associated with severe varicella and/or zoster were also identified, indicating the critical role of interferon in controlling VZV infections. New treatment approaches for VZV infection in patients with specific immune deficiencies were suggested.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Cytomegalovirus reactivation in immunocompetent mechanical ventilation patients: a prospective observational study

Zhihui Zhang et al.

Summary: This study investigated the epidemiology and predictors of CMV reactivation in immunocompetent patients requiring mechanical ventilation. It found that BMI, Hb, and sepsis were independent risk factors for CMV reactivation, and could potentially predict CMV reactivation. Adverse prognoses such as longer duration of MV, higher hospitalization expenses, and increased mortality rate were associated with CMV reactivation.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

Patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 have an increased susceptibility to severe herpesvirus infections

Iivo Hetemaki et al.

Summary: The study revealed that higher titers of neutralizing anti-IFN alpha 4 antibodies in APS-1 patients are associated with a higher and earlier incidence of VZV reactivation, leading to more severe clinical sequelae of herpetic infections. These results suggest that blocking the type I interferon pathway in APS-1 patients results in a clinically significant immune deficiency, emphasizing the importance of considering susceptibility to herpesviruses when treating APS-1 patients.

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Plasma Exchange to Rescue Patients with Autoantibodies Against Type I Interferons and Life-Threatening COVID-19 Pneumonia

Nicolas de Prost et al.

Summary: This study reported four cases of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with high blood concentrations of neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons, who were treated with plasma exchange. The results showed that plasma exchange efficiently removes autoantibodies against type I interferons in these patients without affecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Auto-antibodies to type I IFNs can underlie adverse reactions to yellow fever live attenuated vaccine

Paul Bastard et al.

Summary: In rare cases, yellow fever virus (YFV) live attenuated vaccine can cause life-threatening disease, particularly in patients with no history of severe viral illness. Some patients with auto-Abs against multiple type I interferons and autosomal recessive IFNAR1 or IFNAR2 deficiency were found to be at risk of developing severe complications after YFV vaccination. Testing for these predispositions could be considered for healthy individuals before YFV vaccination.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Does reactivation of cytomegalovirus contribute to severe COVID-19 disease?

Cecilia Soderberg-Naucler

Summary: The majority of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 show no symptoms or have mild symptoms, but a small percentage may develop severe illness, especially among the elderly. It remains unclear why some individuals progress to severe COVID-19, and there may be a potential link to the reactivation of latent viruses.

IMMUNITY & AGEING (2021)

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Article Virology

Microarray-Based Detection of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Proteins, Common Respiratory Viruses and Type I Interferons

Elena Savvateeva et al.

Summary: A microarray-based assay was developed to detect IgG and IgM antibodies against betacoronaviruses, other respiratory viruses, and type I interferons. The study analyzed 278 serum samples and found that some severe COVID-19 patients had autoantibodies against IFN-Is and IgM antibodies against multiple viruses, indicating potential cross-reactivity.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Multifactorial seroprofiling dissects the contribution of pre-existing human coronaviruses responses to SARS-CoV-2 immunity

Irene A. Abela et al.

Summary: The study found that higher levels of HCoV antibodies are associated with SARS-CoV-2 negativity, while in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, higher HCoV activity is associated with elevated SARS-CoV-2 responses. Patients with high HCoV reactivity are less likely to require hospitalization.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Letter Critical Care Medicine

Autoantibodies against type I interferons are associated with multi-organ failure in COVID-19 patients

Rutger Koning et al.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Neutralizing Autoantibodies to Type I Interferons in COVID-19 Convalescent Donor Plasma

Sara E. Vazquez et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Neutralizing Autoantibodies to Type I IFNs in >10% of Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia Hospitalized in Madrid, Spain

Jesus Troya et al.

Summary: In severe cases of COVID-19 pneumonia, approximately 10.6% of patients were found to have autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFN, which correlated with increased C-reactive protein levels and decreased lymphocyte counts, possibly increasing the risk of death. Subcutaneous IFN-beta treatment did not seem to improve clinical outcomes.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19

Eric Y. Wang et al.

Summary: COVID-19 patients show increased autoantibody reactivities against immunomodulatory proteins, which may affect immune function and lead to different clinical outcomes.

NATURE (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Interferon system deficiencies exacerbating severe pandemic virus infections

Silke Stertz et al.

Summary: Pandemics are caused by novel pathogens due to lack of pre-existing antibody immunity. Studies show that deficiencies in the interferon system components can lead to uncontrolled virus replication and severe illness in some individuals, while autoantibodies neutralizing interferon's antiviral function may increase the risk of severe COVID-19.

TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Neutralizing type-I interferon autoantibodies are associated with delayed viral clearance and intensive care unit admission in patients with COVID-19

Michael S. Abers et al.

Summary: This study compared clinical outcomes between patients with neutralizing type-I interferon autoantibodies (AAbs) and those without AAbs during hospitalization for COVID-19, revealing that patients with AAbs were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit with delayed viral clearance, although their survival was not adversely affected.

IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Type I interferon autoantibodies are associated with systemic immune alterations in patients with COVID-19

Monique G. P. van der Wijst et al.

Summary: Autoantibodies against type I interferons have been identified in some patients with critical COVID-19, with higher prevalence in severe cases. The longitudinal dynamics and functional effects of these antibodies on circulating leukocytes remain unclear.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in ∼4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for ∼20% of COVID-19 deaths

Paul Bastard et al.

Summary: Autoantibodies neutralizing interferons are present in a significant percentage of critical COVID-19 patients, especially in older individuals, and their prevalence increases with age.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Herpes Simplex Virus Re-Activation in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: A Prospective, Observational Study

Erica Franceschini et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the re-activation of HSV-1 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and found a relatively high incidence of viremia and clinical manifestations, especially in patients treated with steroids.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

HSV-1 reactivation is associated with an increased risk of mortality and pneumonia in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Antoine Meyer et al.

Summary: The study found that HSV-1 reactivation in critically ill COVID-19 patients was associated with an increased risk of day-60 mortality and hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia.

CRITICAL CARE (2021)

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Letter Rheumatology

Herpes simplex infection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with baricitinib: a case report

Larissa Valor-Mendez et al.

RHEUMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Bacterial pulmonary superinfections are associated with longer duration of ventilation in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Philipp K. Buehler et al.

Summary: Superinfections are common among COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to lower survival rates, longer intensive care treatment, and reduced ventilator-free days despite the use of empirical antibiotic therapy.

CELL REPORTS MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Antibodies against type I interferon: detection and association with severe clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients

David Goncalves et al.

Summary: The study found that some critically ill COVID-19 patients have autoantibodies against IFN-I, which may impair the immune response. However, patients with neutralizing anti-IFN-alpha(2) autoantibodies showed no significant differences in clinical characteristics or outcomes.

CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences