Modeling the impact of indoor relative humidity on the infection risk of five respiratory airborne viruses

Article Construction & Building Technology

Insufficient ventilation led to a probable long-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on two buses

Cuiyun Ou et al.

Summary: This study analyzed a COVID-19 outbreak in Hunan Province, China in January 2020, finding that differences in ventilation rates and exposure time explained varying levels of virus transmission between two buses.

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2022)

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Article Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

The airborne contagiousness of respiratory viruses: A comparative analysis and implications for mitigation

Alex Mikszewski et al.

Summary: This study assesses the contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2 and compares it with other respiratory pathogens. The research finds that the transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 is similar to active untreated TB, higher than seasonal influenza, and lower than measles virus. The current ventilation standards may not be sufficient to control the spread of highly contagious viruses like SARS-CoV-2 in crowded settings, indicating the need for additional control measures.

GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS (2022)

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Article Construction & Building Technology

Estimating the impact of indoor relative humidity on SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission risk using a new modification of the Wells-Riley model

Amar Aganovic et al.

Summary: This study found that increasing ventilation rate is more effective in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to adjusting indoor relative humidity. A change in humidity had minimal impact on infection risk at a ventilation rate of 0.5 ACH, while increasing the ventilation rate to 6 ACH had a much larger effect, decreasing infection risk by half compared to the impact of humidity.

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Article Construction & Building Technology

Respiratory infection risk-based ventilation design method

Jarek Kurnitski et al.

Summary: A new design method is proposed to calculate outdoor air ventilation rates to control respiratory infection risk in indoor spaces. Through case studies, it was found that the total airflow rate per infectious person is the most important parameter in reducing the infection risk.

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Article Construction & Building Technology

Modelling uncertainty in the relative risk of exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus by airborne aerosol transmission in well mixed indoor air

Benjamin Jones et al.

Summary: The study introduces a mathematical model and statistical framework to estimate uncertainty in the number of SARS-CoV-2 genome copies in the respiratory tract of a susceptible person over time. A Relative Exposure Index (REI) is established to compare indoor spaces based on factors such as space volume, viral emission rate, exposure time, respiratory activity, and room ventilation. The study highlights the importance of ventilation in minimizing aerosol exposure risk and provides insights into different scenarios with varying levels of REI.

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Article Construction & Building Technology

Probable airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a poorly ventilated restaurant

Yuguo Li et al.

Summary: By analyzing a COVID-19 outbreak in a restaurant in Guangzhou, China, the study assessed the possibility of airborne transmission of the virus and characterized the associated environmental conditions. The findings suggest that airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is possible in crowded spaces with a ventilation rate of 1 L/s per person.

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Tracing surface and airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA inside public buses and subway trains

Teresa Moreno et al.

Summary: A study on public transport in Barcelona during the summer of 2020 found traces of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in surface and air samples, with more viral remnants on bus surfaces compared to trains. Although signs of viral RNA were detected, they were considered unlikely to be infectious. Vigilant attention to ventilation systems and regular disinfection of vehicles are necessary to effectively eliminate viral traces, especially during peak COVID-19 periods.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Review Biophysics

Relative humidity in droplet and airborne transmission of disease

Anze Bozic et al.

Summary: This review discusses the physical principles governing respiratory droplets and viruses trapped inside them, with a focus on the role of relative humidity. Low relative humidity facilitates evaporation and keeps large droplets suspended in the air as aerosols for extended periods of time, affecting the stability of viruses. Understanding the role of relative humidity in droplet spread of diseases can help in designing preventive measures to reduce transmission chances, particularly in indoor environments.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Natural ventilation strategy and related issues to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) airborne transmission in a school building

Sowoo Park et al.

Summary: The World Health Organization warns of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in poorly ventilated indoor spaces. Ventilation plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of virus transmission. Studies show that opening windows can significantly increase ventilation rates, especially in public buildings and shared spaces.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses

Chia C. Wang et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of traditional respiratory virus transmission pathways, highlighting the need for updates. Improved understanding of aerosol transmission through studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection calls for a reassessment of major transmission pathways for other respiratory viruses, enabling better control measures to reduce airborne transmission.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Epidemiologic Evidence for Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during Church Singing, Australia, 2020

Anthea L. Katelaris et al.

Summary: An infectious chorister spread the SARS-CoV-2 virus among church attendees, resulting in 12 secondary case-patients. Video recordings showed that case-patients were seated in the same section, up to 15 m away from the primary case-patient, without close physical contact, suggesting airborne transmission.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Construction & Building Technology

Wellbuilt for wellbeing: Controlling relative humidity in the workplace matters for our health

Javad Razjouyan et al.

INDOOR AIR (2020)

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Article Immunology

The Influence of Simulated Sunlight on the Inactivation of Influenza Virus in Aerosols

Michael Schuit et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Detection of air and surface contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in hospital rooms of infected patients

Po Ying Chia et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

High SARS-CoV-2 Attack Rate Following Exposure at a Choir Practice - Skagit County, Washington, March 2020

Lea Hamner et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2020)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality

Lidia Morawska et al.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Estimating the nationwide transmission risk of measles in US schools and impacts of vaccination and supplemental infection control strategies

Parham Azimi et al.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Mechanisms of Airborne Infection via Evaporating and Sedimenting Droplets Produced by Speaking

Roland R. Netz

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B (2020)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Quantitative assessment of the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Prospective and retrospective applications

G. Buonanno et al.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Survival of MS2 and φ6 viruses in droplets as a function of relative humidity, pH, and salt, protein, and surfactant concentrations

Kaisen Lin et al.

PLOS ONE (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Viable SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients

John A. Lednickya et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Estimating minute ventilation and air pollution inhaled dose using heart rate, breath frequency, age, sex and forced vital capacity: A pooled-data analysis

Roby Greenwald et al.

PLOS ONE (2019)

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Article Biology

Adenovirus behavior in air handling unit fiberglass filters

Victor Bandaly et al.

AEROBIOLOGIA (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Infectious virus in exhaled breath of symptomatic seasonal influenza cases from a college community

Jing Yan et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2018)

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Article Construction & Building Technology

Short-range airborne transmission of expiratory droplets between two people

L. Liu et al.

INDOOR AIR (2017)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Mapping sites of high TB transmission risk: Integrating the shared air and social behaviour of TB cases and adolescents in a South African township

Benjamin Patterson et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2017)

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Review Construction & Building Technology

Role of mechanical ventilation in the airborne transmission of infectious agents in buildings

J. C. Luongo et al.

INDOOR AIR (2016)

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Article Immunology

Detection of Measles Virus RNA in Air and Surface Specimens in a Hospital Setting

Werner E. Bischoff et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Quantification of Influenza Virus RNA in Aerosols in Patient Rooms

Nancy H. L. Leung et al.

PLOS ONE (2016)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Potential impact of a ventilation intervention for influenza in the context of a dense indoor contact network in Hong Kong

Xiaolei Gao et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2016)

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Article Construction & Building Technology

Simulation of vertical concentration gradient of influenza viruses in dust resuspended by walking

P. Khare et al.

INDOOR AIR (2015)

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Article Virology

Respiratory Virus RNA Is Detectable in Airborne and Droplet Particles

Jan Gralton et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

High Humidity Leads to Loss of Infectious Influenza Virus from Simulated Coughs

John D. Noti et al.

PLOS ONE (2013)

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Review Construction & Building Technology

Ventilation in European dwellings: A review

C. Dimitroulopoulou

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2012)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Concentrations and size distributions of airborne influenza A viruses measured indoors at a health centre, a day-care centre and on aeroplanes

Wan Yang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE (2011)

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Article Immunology

Possible Role of Aerosol Transmission in a Hospital Outbreak of Influenza

Bonnie C. K. Wong et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2010)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Modeling the airborne survival of influenza virus in a residential setting: the impacts of home humidification

Theodore A. Myatt et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH (2010)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities

L. Morawska et al.

JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE (2009)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Characterization of expiration air jets and droplet size distributions immediately at the mouth opening

C. Y. H. Chao et al.

JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE (2009)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cold temperature and low humidity are associated with increased occurrence of respiratory tract infections

Tiina M. Makinen et al.

RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2009)

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Article Microbiology

Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature

Anice C. Lowen et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2007)

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Review Construction & Building Technology

Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment - a multidisciplinary systematic review

Y. Li et al.

INDOOR AIR (2007)

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Article Construction & Building Technology

A comparative study of VOCs in Singapore and European office buildings

MS Zuraimi et al.

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2006)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Toward understanding the risk of secondary airborne infection: Emission of respirable pathogens

M Nicas et al.

JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE (2005)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Interaction of aerosol particles composed of protein and salts with water vapor:: hygroscopic growth and microstructural rearrangement

E Mikhailov et al.

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (2004)

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Article Microbiology

Detection of adenoviruses (AdV) in culture-negative environmental samples by PCR during an AdV-associated respiratory disease outbreak

M Echavarria et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2000)

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Modeling the impact of indoor relative humidity on the infection risk of five respiratory airborne viruses

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