Pregnancy and COVID-19: The Possible Contribution of Vitamin D

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Correlation between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and COVID-19 severity in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

B. Seven et al.

Summary: The study found a relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and disease severity in pregnant women with COVID-19, with levels below 14.5 ng/ml associated with severe disease and poor prognostic factors.

JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Virology

Oxidative stress status and vitamin D levels of asymptomatic to mild symptomatic COVID-19 infections during the third trimester of pregnancy: A retrospective study in Metz, France

Guillaume Schmitt et al.

Summary: The hormonal and physiological changes during pregnancy make pregnant women more vulnerable to COVID-19. A retrospective study found vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19-positive pregnant women, with more severe deficiency in those with mild symptoms. Additionally, pregnant women with COVID-19 showed lower levels of oxidative stress markers, which may explain the milder course of the disease.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Maternal-fetal immune responses in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2

Valeria Garcia-Flores et al.

Summary: This study presents the maternal-fetal immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and highlights the rarity of placental infection. A T-cell dominant inflammatory response is observed at the maternal-fetal interface, but the virus remains undetectable in the placenta while triggering specific immune responses in the neonatal circulation.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 1 Year in Infants of Mothers Who Tested Positive for SARS-CoV-2 During Pregnancy

Andrea G. Edlow et al.

Summary: This study found preliminary evidence that in utero exposure to SARS-CoV-2 may be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in the first 12 months after birth.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

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Review Virology

The cytokine storm and COVID-19

Biying Hu et al.

Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, posing a serious threat to public health. Close contact and respiratory droplets are the main modes of transmission. The cytokine storm is closely associated with disease severity and mortality, emphasizing the importance of studying and treating the cytokine storm in COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Review Physiology

PREGNANCY AND COVID-19

Elizabeth A. N. Wastnedge et al.

Summary: Pregnancy-related physiological changes may have varying impacts on the progression of COVID-19, with the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnant women still undetermined. Asymptomatic infections and indirect consequences of the pandemic pose challenges for maternal health.

PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Impact of vitamin D on the course of COVID-19 during pregnancy: A case control study

Selcan Sinaci et al.

Summary: Vitamin D levels are lower in pregnant women with COVID-19 compared to healthy pregnant women. There is a significant difference in 25-OH D vitamin levels between mild and moderate/severe COVID-19 cases in pregnant women. Not taking vitamin D supplementation may be associated with a more severe course of COVID-19 in pregnant women.

JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Role of vitamin D in treating COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: problems and perspectives

Tanusree Sengupta et al.

Summary: Aggressive inflammatory response leading to hypercoagulability has been associated with disease severity in COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D supplementation may help attenuate disease severity and reduce coagulation abnormalities in critically ill patients. Clinical trials are ongoing to investigate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection.

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Virology

Vitamin D and COVID-19: Role of ACE2, age, gender, and ethnicity

Bruk Getachew et al.

Summary: This article focuses on the impact of age, gender, and ethnicity on the interaction between vitamin D and ACE2, as well as susceptibility to COVID-19. It suggests that vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate the severity of COVID-19 by influencing ACE2.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Pathology

Placenta histopathology in SARS-CoV-2 infection: analysis of a consecutive series and comparison with control cohorts

Luca Bertero et al.

Summary: The study found that placentas delivered by women with COVID-19 showed certain pathological characteristics, which may be associated with the pathogenesis of the disease. While some changes remained statistically significant before and after cesarean section, careful consideration of potential confounders is necessary in future studies exploring the relationship between COVID-19 and pregnancy.

VIRCHOWS ARCHIV (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Systematic review and meta-analysis of vitamin D deficiency in different pregnancy on preterm birth Deficiency in middle pregnancy might be at risk

Rui-Han Lian et al.

Summary: The study suggests that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may have an impact on preterm birth in the middle period, while the effects in the early and late stages are minimal. It is recommended that pregnant women have their vitamin D levels measured during the second trimester and be provided with supplements if necessary.

MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Hematology

COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation

Hidesaku Asakura et al.

Summary: The pathology of COVID-19 is exacerbated by thrombosis, DIC, and cytokine storms. D-dimer levels are commonly elevated in COVID-19, but relying solely on this marker has limitations. Treatment should be individualized based on disease severity and stage, with potential for combination therapy using heparin and nafamostat in the future. Further research is needed on fibrinolytic therapy and adsorption therapy.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Vitamin D and Immune Regulation: Antibacterial, Antiviral, Anti-Inflammatory

Emma L. Bishop et al.

Summary: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in regulating immune function by modulating immune cell activity, stimulating antimicrobial protein expression, and reducing intracellular iron levels to combat infections. Additionally, it can suppress inflammatory T cells and induce immunomodulatory responses.

JBMR PLUS (2021)

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Review Developmental Biology