4.7 Article

Healthy or Not Healthy? A Mixed-Methods Approach to Evaluate Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels as a Tool to Guide Consumers

期刊

NUTRIENTS
卷 14, 期 14, 页码 -

出版社

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu14142801

关键词

FOP nutrition label; consumer; health promotion; nutritional policy; non-communicable disease; ultra-processed food; mixed methods

资金

  1. National Research Foundation of South Africa [MND190508435061]
  2. Department of Science and Innovation of South Africa [DST/CON 00029/2019]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

This study investigated the improvement of South African food labels for enhancing customer evaluation of packaged food's overall healthiness. Through qualitative interviews and consumer testing, the research found that health warnings and low health star ratings were effective in helping consumers identify unhealthy products. The findings not only provide guidance for improving food labels in South Africa, but also offer insights for label format selection in other regions.
This study explored how South African food labels could be improved, to enhance customer evaluation of the overall healthiness of packaged food. Focus was given to the comparison of front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labels as a quick assessment tool. The exploratory sequential mixed-methods design used qualitative interviews (n = 49) to gain insight into labeling challenges and select FOP nutrition labels for consumer testing. Consumers (n = 1261) randomly assessed two out of six possible FOP nutrition labels relative to a 'no-label' control in one of 12 online surveys, applied to a fictitious cereal product. A mixed-model analysis of variance was used to compare the differences in health ratings for the different FOP nutrition labels. The interviews revealed three themes for label improvement, that are presented over three time horizons. In terms of helping consumers identify less healthy products, the effect sizes were most prominent for health warnings (p < 0.01) and low health star ratings (p < 0.01). The findings of this research not only clarify whether FOP nutrition labeling formats used in other regions such as Europe, South America and Australia could be useful in the South African context, but they can assist policymakers and decision-makers in selecting an effective FOP label.

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