GOS Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High Fat and High Sugar Diet through Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbes

The treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains very challenging. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of galactose oligosaccharide (GOS), an important prebiotic, on NAFLD through in vivo and in vitro experiments and preliminarily explored the mechanism by which GOS improves liver lipid metabolism and inflammation through liver and intestinal microbiological analysis. The results of mouse liver lipidomics showed that GOS could promote body thermogenesis in mice with high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHSD)-induced NAFLD, regulate lipolysis in liver fat cells, and accelerate glycine and cholesterol metabolism. GOS dose-dependently reduced the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in cells and reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in cells. GOS also reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota in mice fed a HFHSD. GOS can improve liver lipid metabolism and intestinal structure of NAFLD. These results provide a theoretical and experimental basis supporting the use of GOS as a health food with anti-NAFLD functions.

Automated summary

This study investigated the therapeutic effect of galactose oligosaccharide (GOS) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through in vivo and in vitro experiments and explored the mechanism by which GOS improves liver lipid metabolism and inflammation through liver and intestinal microbiological analysis. The results showed that GOS can promote body thermogenesis, regulate lipolysis, and accelerate glycine and cholesterol metabolism. GOS also reduced the contents of total cholesterol and triglyceride in cells, reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets, and altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota. These findings provide a basis for the use of GOS as a health food with anti-NAFLD functions.