期刊
NUTRIENTS
卷 14, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu14122406
关键词
astrocytes; extracellular vesicles; inflammation; microglia; mitochondrial quality; mitophagy; polyphenols; neurodegenerative diseases; oxidative stress; vitamins
资金
- Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore [D1.2020]
- nonprofit research foundation Centro Studi Achille e Linda Lorenzon
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente 2022)
Aging leads to significant remodeling of glia, impairing their functions and exacerbating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Antioxidant supplementation-based strategies may help alleviate these processes.
Aging induces substantial remodeling of glia, including density, morphology, cytokine expression, and phagocytic capacity. Alterations of glial cells, such as hypertrophy of lysosomes, endosomes and peroxisomes, and the progressive accumulation of lipofuscin, lipid droplets, and other debris have also been reported. These abnormalities have been associated with significant declines of microglial processes and reduced ability to survey the surrounding tissue, maintain synapses, and recover from injury. Similarly, aged astrocytes show reduced capacity to support metabolite transportation to neurons. In the setting of reduced glial activity, stressors and/or injury signals can trigger a coordinated action of microglia and astrocytes that may amplify neuroinflammation and contribute to the release of neurotoxic factors. Oxidative stress and proteotoxic aggregates may burst astrocyte-mediated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus activating microglia, favoring microgliosis, and ultimately making the brain more susceptible to injury and/or neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss the contribution of microglia and astrocyte oxidative stress to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, highlight the pathways that may help gain insights into their molecular mechanisms, and describe the benefits of antioxidant supplementation-based strategies.
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