期刊
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
卷 13, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30913-4
关键词
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资金
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [INV-032575]
- Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [INV-032575] Funding Source: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
This study investigates T cells in the nasal mucosa and blood after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. The results show an increase in tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells expressing CD69(+)CD103(+) in the nasal mucosa after the first and second doses, while CD69(+)CD103(+)CD8(+) T cells in the blood decrease post-vaccination. There is also an increase in nasal CD8(+)CD69(+)CD103(-) T cells, particularly following the second dose. Additionally, CD4(+) cells co-expressing CCR6 and CD161 are increased in abundance following both doses. Stimulation of nasal CD8(+) T cells with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides elevates expression of CD107a and cytokines.
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have shown high efficacy in clinical trials, yet a full immunologic characterization of these vaccines, particularly within the human upper respiratory tract, is less well known. Here, we enumerate and phenotype T cells in nasal mucosa and blood using flow cytometry before and after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (n = 21). Tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD8(+) T cells expressing CD69(+)CD103(+) increase in number -12 days following the first and second doses, by 0.31 and 0.43 log(10) cells per swab respectively (p = 0.058 and p = 0.009 in adjusted linear mixed models). CD69(+)CD103(+)CD8(+) T cells in the blood decrease post-vaccination. Similar increases in nasal CD8(+)CD69(+)CD103(-) T cells are observed, particularly following the second dose. CD4(+) cells co-expressing CCR6 and CD161 are also increased in abundance following both doses. Stimulation of nasal CD8(+) T cells with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides elevates expression of CD107a at 2- and 6-months (p = 0.0096) post second vaccine dose, with a subset of donors also expressing increased cytokines. These data suggest that nasal T cells may be induced and contribute to the protective immunity afforded by this vaccine.
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