4.8 Article

CrAssphage as an indicator of human-fecal contamination in water environment and virus reduction in wastewater treatment

期刊

WATER RESEARCH
卷 221, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118827

关键词

Fecal indicator; microbial source tracking (MST); Pathogenic virus; Log reduction values (LRV); Wastewater -based epidemiology (WBE)

资金

  1. JST CREST [JPMJCR20H1]
  2. JSPS KAKENHI fund for Fostering Joint International Research [JP21KK0073, JP19H02272, JP20H02284, JP21H03617]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

This article provides a comprehensive review on crAssphage in water, highlighting its high concentration and global distribution in wastewater and fecal-contaminated water bodies. It is highly specific to human-fecal contamination and has a potential as a performance indicator for virus reduction in wastewater treatment systems.
Viral indicators of human-fecal contamination in wastewaters and environmental waters have been getting much attention in the past decade. Cross-assembly phage (crAssphage) is the most abundant DNA virus in human feces. Recently, the usefulness of crAssphage as a microbial source tracking and water quality monitoring tool for human-fecal contamination has been highlighted. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review on crAssphage in water, focusing on detection methodology, concentration range in various waters and wastewaters, specificity to human-fecal contamination, and reduction in wastewater treatment systems. This review highlights that crAssphage is globally distributed in wastewaters and various fecal-contaminated water bodies at high con-centrations without seasonal fluctuations. CrAssphage is highly specific to human-fecal contamination and is rarely found in animal feces. It also has a good potential as a performance indicator to ensure virus reduction in wastewater treatment systems. Accordingly, crAssphage could be an effective tool for monitoring of human-fecal contamination and potential presence of fecal pathogenic microbes in environmental waters. Bridging the research gaps highlighted in this review would make crAssphage a powerful tool to support the control of water -related health risks.

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