Calcium homeostasis and cancer: insights from endoplasmic reticulum-centered organelle communications

Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous and versatile signaling molecule controlling a wide variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation, cell death, migration, and immune response, all fundamental processes essential for the establish-ment of cancer. In recent decades, the loss of Ca2+ homeostasis has been con-sidered an important driving force in the initiation and progression of malignant diseases. The primary intracellular Ca2+ store, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plays an essential role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis by coordinating with other organelles and the plasma membrane. Here, we discuss the dysregulation of ER-centered Ca2+ homeostasis in cancer, summarize Ca2+-based anticancer therapeutics, and highlight the significance of furthering our understanding of Ca2+ homeostasis regulation in cancer.

Automated summary

Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a widely present and versatile signaling molecule that controls various cellular processes essential for cancer establishment. The dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, particularly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has been considered as a major driving force in the initiation and progression of malignant diseases. This article discusses the ER-centered dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in cancer, summarizes Ca2+-based anticancer therapeutics, and emphasizes the significance of further understanding the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in cancer.