期刊
TOBACCO CONTROL
卷 -, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2022-057333
关键词
economics; low; middle income country; price; taxation; tobacco industry
资金
- Cancer Research UK [A29421]
- Bloomberg Philanthropies Stopping Tobacco Organizations and Products project funding
This study aims to examine tobacco industry pricing strategies in response to tax increases in Colombia. The study found that the industry employed targeted pricing strategies, such as differential shifting taxes and launching new brands/brand variants. The results suggest that excise taxes can be increased further to reduce the price gap between brand segments, and more monitoring of single stick sales and distribution is required.
Introduction Taxes on tobacco products are an efficient way of reducing consumption. However, they are only effective if passed on to consumers with higher prices. This study aims to examine tobacco industry (TI) pricing strategies in response to tax increases, and whether they differ by price segments or presentation (packs or individual sticks) in Colombia. This is the first such academic study in Latin America and the first anywhere to include the market for single sticks. Methods Using data on cigarette pricing/taxation from a survey of smokers (2016-2017) and official government data on pricing (2007-2019), the TI's pricing strategies were examined, split by brand, price segments, different sized packs and single cigarettes. Results The TI employed targeted pricing strategies in Colombia: differentially shifting taxes; and launching new brands/brand variants. The industry overshifted taxes when increases were smaller and predictable, but used undershifting more when there was a larger increase in 2017, after which it mostly overshifted on budget and premium (but undershifted mid-priced) brands. The prices for single sticks increased more than the tax increase in 2017 when their consumption also increased. Conclusion The pricing strategies identified suggest excise taxes can be increased further, particularly the specific component, to reduce the price gap between brand segments. Brands should be restricted to a single variant along with prohibitions on launching new brands/brand variants. Lastly, since the pricing of single sticks does not match the pattern of packs, more monitoring of their sales and distribution is required, especially since they promote consumption and hinder effective implementation of tobacco tax policies.
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