期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 830, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154810
关键词
Irrigated agriculture; Water stress; Food security; Water demand; Drought stress
资金
- Khuzestan Water and Power Authority (KWPA)
- National Science Centre (Narodowe Centrum Nauki), Warsaw, Poland (PRELUDIUM BIS-1project) [UMO-2019/35/O/ST10/04392]
This study investigated the supply and demand conditions in the Karkheh River Basin in Iran using a model-based approach. It found that a decrease in precipitation during the dry period led to a decrease in natural evapotranspiration, while evapotranspiration from agricultural activities increased and runoff decreased, putting pressure on groundwater resources.
Agricultural activities in the concept of integrated water resources management play a vital role. Especially in dry and semi-dry regions, agricultural activities have the largest share of water consumption. By employing a model-based approach using modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT agro-hydrological model), this study has prepared Water Accounting Plus (WA+) framework requirements to investigate different conditions of supply and demand in wet (1985-2000) and dry (2001-2015) periods in a semi-dry basin (Karkheh River Basin) in Iran. Our assessments based on WA+ show decreasing 10% (21.65 to 19.29 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM)/year) of precipitation in the dry period caused a 4% (0.13 BCM/year) decline in natural evapotranspiration. However, the basin experienced a 24% increment in evapotranspiration from agricultural activities at the same period, and runoff was approximately halved (2.45 BCM/year). Therefore, especially in downstream parts, surface water withdrawal has decreased by 18%. These new conditions have put pressure on groundwater resources. The aquifer extraction and total withdrawal for irrigation have grown by about 17% and 4%, respectively. Finally, it is evident that the manageable water has diminished due to climate change; not only the managed water consumption in the basin has not reduced, but it has also highly risen. The current study results help water authorities arrange new hydrological and climatic conditions strategies.
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