Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 60)

Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since January 2022 are reviewed. An appendix describing temporary electrical contacting of large-area solar cells approaches and terminology is also included.

Automated summary

This article presents consolidated tables showing the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules. The guidelines for including results in these tables are outlined, and new entries since January 2022 are reviewed. An appendix describing temporary electrical contacting methods and terminology for large-area solar cells is also included.