Phytochemical profiling and cellular antioxidant efficacy of different rice varieties in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells exposed to oxidative stress

In the present study, white (Baegilmi), brown (hyunmi) and black (chalheugmi) Korean local rice varieties ethanol extracts were analyzed for in-vitro antioxidant assays (ABTS, FRAP and DPPH), cellular antioxidant activities (CAAs) and phenolic phytochemicals content. The highest antioxidant assays, phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanins content were identified among the free fractions of black rice. Phenolic phytochemicals were detected and quantified using the ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS2). Which indicated the richness of several phytochemicals like ascorbic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechin, epigallocatechin and quercetin in black rice than in other rice samples. The cellular antioxidant activities (CAA) of black rice were found equivalent to that of ascorbic acid, the standard employed in the assay. The CAAs of free fractions were as follows: white rice < brown rice < black rice. These findings are significant for enhancing human health through increased consumption of black and brown rice in the development of functional food products.

Automated summary

In this study, ethanol extracts of white, brown, and black Korean rice varieties were analyzed for their antioxidant activity, phenolic content, and cellular antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant assays and phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content were found in the free fractions of black rice. The phytochemicals present in black rice, including ascorbic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechin, epigallocatechin, and quercetin, were quantified using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS2. The cellular antioxidant activity of black rice was comparable to that of ascorbic acid. These findings highlight the potential health benefits of consuming black and brown rice, and their potential use in the development of functional food products.