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Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sebastian Havervall et al.
Summary: Current serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 generate inconsistent results and the longitudinal characteristics of antibodies targeting different antigens after asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 have not been established. This cohort study involving healthcare workers found that antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen remained detectable in 96% of participants at least four months after infection, even if they had no or mild symptoms. The study also confirmed virus neutralization capacity in 91% of participants at least four months after infection.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Wan Ni Chia et al.
Summary: The study investigated the dynamics of neutralising antibody response in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, finding great variations and suggesting that predicting immune longevity can only be accurately determined at the individual level. The findings emphasize the importance of public health and social measures in the ongoing pandemic outbreak response, and may have implications for the longevity of immunity after vaccination.
Article
Immunology
Sheila F. Lumley et al.
Summary: In this study, it was found that anti-nucleocapsid antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 decline within a few months, with higher titers associated with longer duration. On the other hand, anti-spike IgG remained stably detected. Factors such as age, ethnicity, and symptom presentation also had an impact on antibody levels.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Arnaud G. L'Huillier et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the persistence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in hospital employees with mild COVID-19, finding that neutralizing antibodies were detectable in almost all participants at 6 months post infection. Anti-RBD antibodies showed better persistence and even increased over time, possibly due to the detection of progressively higher-affinity antibodies.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Gabriele Anichini et al.
Summary: The study found that patients with severe COVID-19 infection had significantly higher neutralizing antibody responses compared to those with mild symptoms, indicating potential implications for immunity strategy and vaccine development. The research also observed a declining trend in humoral immunity among pauci-symptomatic individuals, highlighting the need for further understanding of long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zahra Khoshkam et al.
Summary: The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is still a major global issue, with increasing numbers of cases and fatalities. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the infection process, immunopathogenesis, recovery, and reinfection. This review critically evaluates current reports on SARS-CoV-2 immunity and reinfection, with a focus on comparative studies using animal models.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jan Van Elslande et al.
Summary: The study found that antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 decreased gradually after 2 months, with significantly higher levels in severe patients compared to mild cases. 70.6% of severe patients remained antibody-positive up to eight months after infection, while 61.1% of mild patients became seronegative within six months.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Eric J. Nilles et al.
Summary: The results from a large prospective SARS-CoV-2 cohort study suggest that obesity strongly influences symptom phenotype among younger age groups but not older age groups; there is no evidence to suggest that obese individuals are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection; and a remarkably consistent immune activity across BMI categories indicates similar immune protection across these groups.
Article
Immunology
Sofie Fons et al.
Summary: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, research on SARS-CoV-2 infection has been conducted at an unprecedented speed, resulting in the development of numerous commercial antibody tests. However, due to the lack of validation and unsatisfactory sensitivity, challenges still remain in diagnosis and surveillance.
PATHOGENS AND DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Charlotte Manisty et al.
Summary: This study found that post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are heterogeneous immune responses, with anti-S1 antibodies being cleared faster, transitioning more quickly to low levels of production, and experiencing greater reductions in production rate. In mild infections, relying solely on anti-S1 serology may underestimate the incidence of infections.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Irina Arkhipova-Jenkins et al.
Summary: The synthesis of evidence suggests that most adults develop detectable levels of IgM and IgG antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection, with IgM levels peaking early in the disease course and IgG levels remaining detectable for a significant period of time.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
David S. Y. Ong et al.
Summary: Molecular tests are considered the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnostics, but serological and immunological tests can also be valuable in certain situations. The presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 may indicate a recent or past COVID-19 infection, and tests like ELISA and CLIA have higher sensitivities. Cellular immunity is crucial in host defences against viruses, and T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 can provide important information on past infections.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victoria Jane Hall et al.
Summary: This study investigated whether antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were associated with a decreased risk of symptomatic and asymptomatic reinfection. It found that individuals with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection had an 84% lower risk of reinfection, with a median protective effect lasting for 7 months following primary infection.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shelly Soffer et al.
Summary: Obesity is associated with severe COVID-19 infection, and disease severity is linked to higher COVID-19 antibody titers. The study compared COVID-19 antibody responses between patients with and without obesity. The findings suggest that obesity is associated with higher COVID-19 antibody titers, which has implications for understanding the role of obesity in COVID-19 severity.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Zelalem G. Dessie et al.
Summary: Chronic comorbidities, complications, and demographic factors such as acute kidney injury, COPD, diabetes, hypertension, CVD, cancer, increased D-dimer, male gender, older age, current smoker, and obesity are identified as clinical risk factors for fatal outcomes related to coronavirus mortality, according to large dataset from 42 studies involving 423,117 patients. The findings provide valuable insights for future research, control, and prevention of the disease.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Delia Goletti et al.
Summary: T-cell responses play a crucial role in COVID-19, providing early detection of disease progression and predictive value for severity and survival rates. Vaccination stimulates robust T-cell responses, contributing significantly to protective immunity, although understanding of long-term T-cell responses remains limited.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jackson S. Turner et al.
Summary: The study found that individuals who had recovered from mild SARS-CoV-2 infections showed rapid decline of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies in the first 4 months after infection, followed by a more gradual decrease over the following 7 months but remaining detectable at least 11 months after infection. This suggests that mild infection with SARS-CoV-2 can induce robust antigen-specific, long-lived humoral immune memory in humans.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bjorn Blomberg et al.
Summary: An analysis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections in Bergen, Norway, revealed that a high proportion of patients experienced long-term COVID symptoms at 6 months, even though they were relatively young and had only mild to moderate acute COVID-19 symptoms. This highlights the significance of infection control measures, such as vaccination.
Article
Immunology
Lill Trogstad et al.
Summary: The study compared the prevalence of skin, nose, and gingival bleedings after receiving adeno-vectored or mRNA vaccines against COVID-19, indicating that the adeno-vectored vaccine may lead to mild bleeding episodes in a larger proportion of vaccinated individuals. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of these observations and their potential similarities with severe thromboembolic bleeding complications.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Quan-Xin Long et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takuya Sekine et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Quan-Xin Long et al.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
F. Javier Ibarrondo et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Tyler J. Ripperger et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel F. Gudbjartsson et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nathan Post et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ania Wajnberg et al.
Article
Immunology
Hannah Clapham et al.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
R. Abrahamsen et al.
