Role of guard cell- or mesophyll cell-localized phytochromes in stomatal responses to blue, red, and far-red light

Main conclusion Guard cell- or mesophyll cell-localized phytochromes do not have a predominant direct light sensory role in red- or blue-light-mediated stomatal opening or far-red-light-mediated stomatal closure of Arabidopsis. The role of phytochromes in blue- and red-light-mediated stomatal opening, and far-red-light- mediated decrease in opening, is still under debate. It is not clear whether reduced stomatal opening in a phytochrome B (phyB) mutant line, is due to phytochrome acting as a direct photosensor or an indirect growth effect. The exact tissue localization of the phytochrome photoreceptor important for stomatal opening is also not known. We studied differences in stomatal opening in an Arabidopsis phyB mutant, and lines showing mesophyll cell-specific or guard cell-specific inactivation of phytochromes. Stomatal conductance (g(s)) of intact leaves was measured under red, blue, and blue + far-red light. Lines exhibiting guard cell-specific inactivation of phytochrome did not show a change in g(s) under blue or red light compared to Col-0. phyB consistently exhibited a reduction in g(s) under both blue and red light. Addition of far-red light did not have a significant impact on the blue- or red-light-mediated stomatal response. Treatment of leaves with DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea), a photosynthetic electron transport (PET) inhibitor, eliminated the response to red light in all lines, indicating that stomatal opening under red light is controlled by PET, and not directly by phytochrome. Similar to previous studies, leaves of the phyB mutant line had fewer stomata. Overall, phytochrome does not appear have a predominant direct sensory role in stomatal opening under red or blue light. However, phytochromes likely have an indirect effect on the degree of stomatal opening under light through effects on leaf growth and stomatal development.

Automated summary

The localization of phytochromes in guard cells or mesophyll cells does not have a predominant direct role in the opening or closure of stomata in Arabidopsis. The exact mechanism of phytochromes in blue- and red-light-mediated stomatal opening, and far-red-light-mediated decrease in opening, is still uncertain. The study suggests that phytochromes may indirectly affect stomatal opening through their influence on leaf growth and stomatal development.