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Vitelline Vessel Remnant - Derived Funisitis: Semantics, Severity, and Significance

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Clinically relevant umbilical cord inflammation identified based on CD15-associated vasculitis patterning

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Summary: The study aimed to identify clinically relevant umbilical cord inflammation through immunohistochemical assessment, revealing associations between severe umbilical vasculitis patterns and maternal inflammation, as well as fetal mortality. Sampling three umbilical cord sections was found to be an efficient procedure for detecting inflammation heterogeneity.

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Vitelline Vessel Remnant-Derived Funisitis Is a Sensitive and Specific Predictor of Histological Evidence of Amniotic Fluid Infection

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Summary: This study found that vitelline vessel remnants (VVRs) in umbilical cords may cause inflammation, which is associated with amniotic fluid infection, especially when there is histological evidence of amniotic fluid infection in other parts of the placenta. VVR-derived funisitis has high sensitivity and specificity, and the specificity is higher when diagnosed at a high grade or in the third trimester.

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Characterization of vitelline vessel remnant circulation in the umbilical cord

John Kemuel De Guzman et al.

Summary: Research shows that the majority of VVRs in umbilical cords are paired thin-walled vessels, completing afferent and efferent circulation within the cord via capillary plexuses and bridging vessels. In rare cases, VVRs are single thin-walled arterial vessels with venous return circulation via allantoic umbilical vessels.

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