Nutrition for precision health: The time is now

Precision nutrition has emerged as a boiling area of nutrition research, with a particular focus on revealing the individual variability in response to diets that is determined mainly by the complex interactions of dietary factors with the multi-tiered omics makeups. Reproducible findings from the observational studies and diet intervention trials have lent preliminary but consistent evidence to support the fundamental role of gene-diet interactions in determining the individual variability in health outcomes including obesity and weight loss. Recent investigations suggest that the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiome may also modify the dietary effects; however, considerable instability in the results from the microbiome research has been noted. In addition, growing studies suggest that a complicated multiomics algorithm would be developed by incorporating the genome, epigenome, metabolome, proteome, and microbiome in predicting the individual variability in response to diets. Moreover, precision nutrition would also scrutinize the role of biological (circadian) rhythm in determining the individual variability of dietary effects. The evidence gathered from precision nutrition research will be the basis for constructing precision health dietary recommendations, which hold great promise to help individuals and their health care providers create precise and effective diet plans for precision health in the future.

Automated summary

Precision nutrition is a rapidly growing field in nutrition research that focuses on understanding the individual variability in response to diets. It has been found that gene-diet interactions and the gut microbiome play important roles in determining health outcomes such as obesity and weight loss. Incorporating multiple omics factors such as the genome, epigenome, metabolome, proteome, and microbiome in predictive algorithms can further enhance precision nutrition research. The evidence gathered from precision nutrition research will be crucial in developing personalized dietary recommendations for precision health in the future.