TRP channels: a journey towards a molecular understanding of pain

Recent studies of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel structure have provided unique insight into the function of TRP channels in our normal sensations and in pain. In this Review, Rosenbaum et al. examine recent advances in the field of TRP ion channel structure-function relationships and their role in pain. The perception of nociceptive signals, which are translated into pain, plays a fundamental role in the survival of organisms. Because pain is linked to a negative sensation, animals learn to avoid noxious signals. These signals are detected by receptors, which include some members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels that act as transducers of exogenous and endogenous noxious cues. These proteins have been in the focus of the field of physiology for several years, and much knowledge of how they regulate the function of the cell types and organs where they are expressed has been acquired. The last decade has been especially exciting because the 'resolution revolution' has allowed us to learn the molecular intimacies of TRP channels using cryogenic electron microscopy. These findings, in combination with functional studies, have provided insights into the role played by these channels in the generation and maintenance of pain.

Automated summary

Recent studies on transient receptor potential (TRP) channel structure have provided valuable insights into their role in normal sensations and pain. This review article examines the recent advances in understanding the relationship between the structure and function of TRP ion channels and their involvement in pain. The perception of nociceptive signals and the avoidance of pain are crucial for survival. TRP channels, as transducers of harmful signals, play a significant role in detecting and translating these signals into pain. Cryogenic electron microscopy has allowed researchers to explore the molecular details of TRP channels, complementing functional studies and enhancing our understanding of their contribution to pain generation and maintenance.