4.8 Article

A general design of caging-group-free photoactivatable fluorophores for live-cell nanoscopy

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NATURE CHEMISTRY
卷 14, 期 9, 页码 1013-+

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NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00995-0

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  1. Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research) [13N14122]
  2. Max Planck Society

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Researchers have developed a method to transform 3,6-diaminoxanthones into caging-group-free photoactivatable fluorophores, which assemble into highly fluorescent dyes upon light irradiation. These versatile dyes show potential for various applications in microscopy.
The controlled switching of fluorophores between non-fluorescent and fluorescent states is central to every super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (nanoscopy) technique, and the exploration of radically new switching mechanisms remains critical to boosting the performance of established, as well as emerging super-resolution methods. Photoactivatable dyes offer substantial improvements to many of these techniques, but often rely on photolabile protecting groups that limit their applications. Here we describe a general method to transform 3,6-diaminoxanthones into caging-group-free photoactivatable fluorophores. These photoactivatable xanthones (PaX) assemble rapidly and cleanly into highly fluorescent, photo- and chemically stable pyronine dyes upon irradiation with light. The strategy is extendable to carbon- and silicon-bridged xanthone analogues, yielding a family of photoactivatable labels spanning much of the visible spectrum. Our results demonstrate the versatility and utility of PaX dyes in fixed and live-cell labelling for conventional microscopy, as well as the coordinate-stochastic and deterministic nanoscopies STED, PALM and MINFLUX.

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