FT-IR Method Limitations for β-Glucan Analysis

beta-glucans are known as biological response modifiers. However, different sources can result in structural differences and as a result differences in their biological activity. The hot water extraction method allows to obtain, high molecular weight beta-glucans without altering their structure by using strong chemicals, such as alkalis or acids. Analysis of beta-glucans by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy in solid state is superior to analysis in solution as it allows researchers to study the preserved structure of the extracted polysaccharides. FT-IR spectroscopy was used in this study to make side-by-side comparison analysis of hot water extracted beta-glucans from different yeast sources. NMR spectroscopy was used to confirm findings made by FT-IR spectroscopy. Extracted beta-glucans exhibit characteristic structure of beta-1,3/1,6-linked glucans with noticeable levels of proteins, possibly in a form of oligopeptides, chitin and other impurities. beta-glucans obtained from C. guilliermondii, P. pastoris and S. pastorianus exhibited higher protein content. Differences in mannan, chitin and oc-glucan content were also observed; however, the species-specific structure of obtained beta-glucans could not be confirmed without additional studies. Structural analysis of high molecular weight beta-glucans in solid state by FT-IR spectroscopy is difficult or limited due to band intensity changes and overlapping originating from different molecules.

Automated summary

Beta-glucans are biological response modifiers which may vary in structure and activity based on different sources. The hot water extraction method allows for obtaining high molecular weight beta-glucans without altering their structure, and analysis by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy is crucial for studying the preserved structure of these polysaccharides.