Push-Pull Derivatives Based on 2,4′-Biphenylene Linker with Quinoxaline, [1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-B]Pyrazine and [1,2,5]Thiadiazolo[3,4-B]Pyrazine Electron Withdrawing Parts

A series of novel V-shaped quinoxaline, [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine and [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine push-pull derivatives with 2,4 '-biphenylene linker were designed and their electrochemical, photophysical and nonlinear optical properties were investigated. [1,2,5]Oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine is the stronger electron-withdrawing fragment as shown by electrochemical, and photophysical data. All compounds are emissive in a solid-state (from the cyan to red region of the spectrum) and quinoxaline derivatives are emissions in DCM solution. It has been found that quinoxaline derivatives demonstrate important solvatochromism and extra-large Stokes shifts, characteristic of twisted intramolecular charge transfer excited state as well as aggregation induced emission. The experimental conclusions have been justified by theoretical (TD-)DFT calculations.

Automated summary

In this study, a series of novel V-shaped derivatives were designed and investigated for their electrochemical, photophysical and nonlinear optical properties. The [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine fragment was found to be a strong electron-withdrawing group. All compounds exhibited emissions in the solid state, while only the quinoxaline derivatives emitted in a DCM solution. The quinoxaline derivatives demonstrated solvatochromism and extra-large Stokes shifts, indicating twisted intramolecular charge transfer excited states and aggregation induced emission.