Gold nanoparticles application to the treatment of brain dysfunctions related to metabolic diseases: evidence from experimental studies

Nanotechnology is an emerging and expanding technology worldwide. The manipulation of materials on a nanometric scale generates new products with unique properties called nanomaterials. Due to its significant expansion, nanotechnology has been applied in several fields of study, including developing materials for biomedical applications, i.e., nanomedicine. The use of nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, in nanomedicine, is promising and has been associated with pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and therapeutic advantages. In this regard, it is worth mentioning the Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs). AuNPs' biomedical application is extensively investigated due to their high biocompatibility, simple preparation, catalytic, and redox properties. Experimental studies have pointed out critical therapeutic actions related to AuNPs in different pathophysiological contexts, mainly due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Thus, in this review, we will discuss the main experimental findings related to the therapeutic properties of AuNPs in metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases, and ultimately brain dysfunctions related to metabolic diseases.

Automated summary

Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field that involves manipulating materials on a nanoscale to create nanomaterials with unique properties. One promising application of nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, is in the field of nanomedicine, with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) being extensively studied. AuNPs have shown high biocompatibility, ease of preparation, and catalytic and redox properties. Experimental studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of AuNPs, particularly their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, in various pathological contexts, including metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases as well as brain dysfunctions related to metabolic disorders.