One-step synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles in aqueous solution induced by free radicals

Tin oxide nanoparticles of uniform size with around 5 nm distribution were synthesized in the aqueous solution of stannous chloride under an oxidizing environment. The syntheses were carried out with Cobalt-60 gamma radiation in N2O saturated solution, photoirradiation using 300 nm UV lamps as well as normal chemical route in the presence of H2O2 at room temperature under ambient laboratory conditions. The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, SEM and HRTEM measurements. The synthesis mechanism was investigated through the electron pulse radiolysis studies. It was established that the formation of tin oxide nanoparticles takes place only through the reactions of oxidizing free radicals like OH center dot or Cl2 center dot- with Sn2+ ions in aqueous solution. The formation of tin oxide was found follow similar pathways in all the three cases, except that it took a longer time in the case of normal chemical route as compared to the other two routes. The size and shapes of the nanoparticles were found to be identical in all these three cases.

Automated summary

Uniform-sized tin oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in solution using different methods. The formation of these nanoparticles was achieved through reactions between oxidizing free radicals and Sn2+ ions. Regardless of the method used, the formation pathways and sizes/shapes of the nanoparticles were similar.