Porphyra tenera Protects against PM2.5-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction with the Regulation of Gut Function

To evaluate the biological effects of Porphyra tenera (P. tenera), we tried to confirm the possibility that the intake of P. tenera could modulate cognitive and intestinal functions in PM2.5-induced cognitive decline mice. P. tenera attenuated PM2.5-induced learning and memory impairment through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the mitochondrial function and TLR-initiated NF-kappa B signaling. In addition, P. tenera effectively alleviated A beta production/tau phosphorylation by inhibiting the INK phosphorylation. Also, the bioactive constituents of P. tenera determined the sulfated galactan, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), and chlorophyll derivatives. Moreover, the bioactive compounds of P. tenera by gut fermentation protected against gut dysbiosis and intestinal tight junction damage with a decrease in inflammatory response and short-chain fatty acid production. Based on these results, our findings suggest that P. tenera with sulfated galactan and MAAs is a potential material for cognitive function improvement.

Automated summary

The study found that Porphyra tenera (P. tenera) attenuated PM2.5-induced cognitive decline by regulating mitochondrial function and signaling pathways, resulting in improved learning and memory. The bioactive constituents of P. tenera, including sulfated galactan, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), and chlorophyll derivatives, were responsible for these effects. Furthermore, P. tenera protected against gut dysbiosis and intestinal damage through gut fermentation, reducing inflammation and promoting short-chain fatty acid production. Therefore, P. tenera has the potential to enhance cognitive function.