Modern vaccine development via reverse vaccinology to combat antimicrobial resistance

With the continuous evolution of bacteria, the global antimicrobial resistance health threat is causing millions of deaths yearly. While depending on antibiotics as a primary treatment has its merits, there are no effective alternatives thus far in the pharmaceutical market against some drug-resistant bacteria. In recent years, vaccinology has become a key topic in scientific research. Combining with the growth of technology, vaccine research is seeing a new light where the process is made faster and more efficient. Although less discussed, bacterial vaccine is a feasible strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance. Some vaccines have shown promising results with good efficacy against numerous multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria. In this review, we aim to discuss the findings from studies utilizing reverse vaccinology for vaccine development against some multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as provide a summary of multi-year bacterial vaccine studies in clinical trials. The advantages of reverse vaccinology in the generation of new bacterial vaccines are also highlighted. Meanwhile, the limitations and future prospects of bacterial vaccine concludes this review.

Automated summary

With the continuous evolution of bacteria, the global health threat of antimicrobial resistance, which causes millions of deaths annually, is becoming increasingly serious. While relying on antibiotics as the primary treatment method has its advantages, effective alternatives against some drug-resistant bacteria are still lacking in the pharmaceutical market. In recent years, vaccinology has gained significant attention in scientific research, and with the advancement of technology, vaccine research has become faster and more efficient. Although less discussed, bacterial vaccines are a feasible strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance. Some vaccines have shown promising results with good efficacy against numerous multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria. This review aims to discuss the findings from studies utilizing reverse vaccinology for the development of vaccines against multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as provide a summary of multi-year bacterial vaccine studies in clinical trials. The advantages of reverse vaccinology in generating new bacterial vaccines are also highlighted. Meanwhile, the limitations and future prospects of bacterial vaccines are concluded in this review.