Metal Halide Perovskites toward Electrically Pumped Lasers

The rapid development of lasers since their launch has given a new lease to traditional optical technology and immensely boosted the development of natural science. Benefiting from the salient light absorption and light emission traits, perovskite lasers show incalculable prospects in applications of optical storage, optical interconnects, high-quality displays, on-chip photonic communications, etc. For perovskite lasers, device structure and working principle rather than just material property are also profound, especially for the realization and assessment of electrically pumped lasers, which is the prerequisite for the ultimate practical application of perovskite lasers. With this in mind, the key characteristic parameters of possible future electrically pumped lasers are discussed herein, and a systematic review of perovskite lasers is presented in a sequential order of development. To begin, the components of lasers are introduced in detail, with an emphasis on optical microcavities and diverse proposed working mechanisms, followed by introductions of representative advances in pulsed optically pumped perovskite lasers with various lasing modes, as well as state-of-the-art developments in lasing phenomenon under continuous-wave optical pumping. Finally, the challenges and fruitful progress toward electrically pumped perovskite lasers are discussed emphatically. It is hoped that this review will promote the realization of perovskite electrically pumped lasers and commercialization of perovskite lasers.

Automated summary

The rapid development of lasers has greatly contributed to the advancement of optical technology and natural science. Perovskite lasers, with their unique light absorption and emission properties, have immense potential in various applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of perovskite lasers, focusing on their device structure, working principle, and recent advancements in pulsed optically pumped and electrically pumped lasers. The challenges and progress towards electrically pumped perovskite lasers are also emphasized.