Crucial Role of Surfactants in Improving the Extraction Efficiency of ?-Amyrin from Dischidia major Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Coupled with Gas Bubble Flotation

Ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled with gas bubble flotation was developed as a green method for extracting fi-amyrin fromDischidia major. The solvent system was water:ethanol (9:1). To improve the adsorption of fi-amyrin onto the air/liquid interface during flotation, surfactants were employed; however, the positive effect was only observed with cationic surfactants. High-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection (HPLC-PDA) was, for the first time, applied to quantify the fi-amyrin content in D. major and its extracts. With the assistance of surfactants, the foam layer collected from flotation showed high selectivity toward fi-amyrin. The product content was notably increased after surfactants had been removed from the solution.

Automated summary

This study developed a green method of ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled with gas bubble flotation for extracting fi-amyrin from Dischidia major. The solvent system used was water:ethanol (9:1) and cationic surfactants were employed to improve the adsorption of fi-amyrin onto the air/liquid interface during flotation. High-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection was applied to quantify the fi-amyrin content in D. major and its extracts. The foam layer collected from flotation showed high selectivity toward fi-amyrin, and the product content increased significantly after removing surfactants from the solution.