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Developing landscape-scale forest restoration targets that embrace spatial pattern

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Article Biology

Governing Ecological Connectivity in Cross-Scale Dependent Systems

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Summary: Ecosystem management and governance of cross-scale dependent systems require integrating knowledge about ecological connectivity in its multiple forms and scales. The San Francisco Estuary serves as an example of the different types of estuarine connectivity and the human dimensions of restoring beneficial processes.

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Summary: With the increasing compounding stresses and the beneficial impact of low competition conditions on forest resilience, more intensive measures are needed to restore forest resilience.

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Spatial point-pattern analysis as a powerful tool in identifying pattern-process relationships in plant ecology: an updated review

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Summary: SPPA, widely used in plant ecology, aims to describe species spatial patterns through a large set of summary statistics. Despite the common occurrence of small sample sizes in SPPA, the spatial position of plants remains a key factor for understanding the processes responsible for plant spatial structures.

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Review Ecology

From landscape ecology to forest landscape restoration

Stephanie Mansourian

Summary: This article examines the relationship between forest landscape restoration (FLR) and landscape ecology, identifying areas of convergence such as landscape, integration, and connectivity, as well as areas of divergence including process versus analysis, transformative nature, and political nature of FLR. Suggestions for integration between the two disciplines are proposed for future research and practice.

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Explainable identification and mapping of trees using UAV RGB image and deep learning

Masanori Onishi et al.

Summary: The study developed a machine vision system for tree identification and mapping using RGB images captured by a UAV and CNN. The system successfully classified seven tree classes with over 90% accuracy, and the Guided Grad-CAM analysis showed that the CNN classified trees based on their shapes and leaf contrasts, enhancing the system's potential for cost-effective classification of individual trees with similar colors.

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Leveraging TLS as a Calibration and Validation Tool for MLS and ULS Mapping of Savanna Structure and Biomass at Landscape-Scales

Shaun R. Levick et al.

Summary: Savanna ecosystems are difficult to map and monitor due to the dynamic nature of their vegetation. UAV-based remote sensing shows potential for providing high-resolution measurements over large areas at regular intervals. However, the suitability of UAV-based LiDAR for mapping and monitoring savanna vegetation structure is not well established.

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Article Environmental Sciences

Monitoring restored tropical forest diversity and structure through UAV-borne hyperspectral and lidar fusion

Danilo Roberti Alves de Almeida et al.

Summary: Remote sensors, particularly UAV-borne lidar and hyperspectral data, offer a promising technology for monitoring forest restoration projects. By combining these two types of data, it is possible to accurately assess vegetation diversity and structure, leading to improved decision-making processes in restoration efforts.

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Opposite Tree-Tree Interactions Jointly Drive the Natural Fir Treeline Population on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Yafeng Wang et al.

Summary: Recent studies have reported long-term stability in alpine treeline positions and increased stem density, but the relevance of a denser treeline forest to tree-tree interactions is still unclear. This study mapped and surveyed individual trees in two Smith fir treeline plots and found that increased stem density at alpine treeline may be linked to competitive interactions in relatively favorable environmental conditions. The spatial patterns of treeline populations are mainly shaped by thermal and moisture conditions, as well as non-climatic variables such as disturbance history and microtopography.

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Mitchel L. M. Rudge et al.

Summary: This study explores the potential of UAV-LS tree segmentation and allometric scaling methods to model the diameter distributions of savanna trees. By comparing field-surveyed data with UAV-LS data, significant differences were found between the modeled diameter distributions and field surveys, especially when smaller trees were excluded.

REMOTE SENSING (2021)

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CanopyShotNoise - An individual-based tree canopy modelling framework for projecting remote-sensing data and ecological sensitivity analysis

Arne Pommerening et al.

Summary: Spatially explicit tree models for projecting remote-sensing data are limited. The CanopyShotNoise model focuses on individual-tree canopies and their interaction, growth, birth, and death processes. In simulations, superorganism formation decreased intertree distances and increased canopy gap size, while crown plasticity increased regularity of tree locations. Interestingly, in scenario C1S1, crown plasticity enhanced the effect of superorganism formation.

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Precision restoration: a necessary approach to foster forest recovery in the 21st century

Jorge Castro et al.

Summary: Forest restoration is a major focus of global environmental management policies, with the adoption of precision forest restoration (PFR) techniques aimed at increasing tree establishment success and minimizing negative impacts.

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The geodiv r package: Tools for calculating gradient surface metrics

Annie C. Smith et al.

Summary: The geodiv r package calculates gradient surface metrics from imagery and other gridded datasets to provide continuous measures of landscape heterogeneity for landscape pattern analysis. It is the first open-source, command line toolbox for calculating many gradient surface metrics and easily integrates parallel computing for applications with large images or rasters. The package allows users to easily retrieve estimates of spatial heterogeneity for a variety of purposes, enhancing our understanding of how environmental structure influences ecosystem processes.

METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

Deep Learning in Forestry Using UAV-Acquired RGB Data: A Practical Review

Yago Diez et al.

Summary: This article highlights the importance of forests to the planet and their current applications in forestry research, focusing on studies that use deep learning and RGB images collected by UAVs to address practical forestry research problems. The article summarizes the strengths and methodological issues of existing studies, and provides public data and code resources to aid researchers interested in working in this area.

REMOTE SENSING (2021)

Review Biodiversity Conservation

A global framework for linking alpine-treeline ecotone patterns to underlying processes

Maaike Y. Bader et al.

Summary: Globally, treeline ecotones exhibit diverse spatial patterns, providing valuable information about the processes influencing treeline dynamics. A new framework focuses on hillside-scale patterns and dimensional changes in tree cover, clustering, height, and shape, to better understand demographic processes and growth patterns affecting treelines. Improved recognition of treeline patterns and collaborative research efforts are necessary to advance our understanding of treeline-forming processes and vegetation dynamics in response to climate warming.

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An unexpectedly large count of trees in the West African Sahara and Sahel

Martin Brandt et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Matheus Pinheiro Ferreira et al.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2020)

Article Ecology

UAV-derived estimates of forest structure to inform ponderosa pine forest restoration

Adam Belmonte et al.

REMOTE SENSING IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION (2020)

Article Forestry

Using LiDAR to develop high-resolution reference models of forest structure and spatial pattern

Haley L. Wiggins et al.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2019)

Article Environmental Sciences

Object-Based Land Cover Classification of Cork Oak Woodlands using UAV Imagery and Orfeo ToolBox

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Feasibility of pattern type classification for landscape patterns using the AG-curve

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landscapemetrics: an open-source R tool to calculate landscape metrics

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Jennifer K. Costanza et al.

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SCIENTIFIC DATA (2019)

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Hierarchical patch delineation in fragmented landscapes

Chellby Kilheffer et al.

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY (2018)

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Connectivity analysis as a tool for assessing restoration success

Xenia K. Volk et al.

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY (2018)

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On principles and standards in ecological restoration

Eric Higgs et al.

RESTORATION ECOLOGY (2018)

Letter Ecology

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James C. Aronson et al.

NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION (2018)

Article Biodiversity Conservation

Allometric equations for integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes

Tommaso Jucker et al.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2017)

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Remote sensing for restoration ecology: Application for restoring degraded, damaged, transformed, or destroyed ecosystems

Molly K. Reif et al.

INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT (2017)

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Mask R-CNN

Kaiming He et al.

2017 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION (ICCV) (2017)

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An evaluation of the state of spatial point pattern analysis in ecology

Eduardo Velazquez et al.

ECOGRAPHY (2016)

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Individual Tree Crown Modeling and Change Detection From Airborne Lidar Data

Wen Xiao et al.

IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING (2016)

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A new global tree-cover percentage map using MODIS data

Toshiyuki Kobayashi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING (2016)

Review Ecology

opinion The Precision Problem in Conservation and Restoration

J. Kevin Hiers et al.

TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION (2016)

Review Ecology

Restoring fire-prone Inland Pacific landscapes: seven core principles

Paul F. Hessburg et al.

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY (2015)

Review Ecology

The changing role of history in restoration ecology

Eric Higgs et al.

FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2014)

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What mark variograms tell about spatial plant interactions

Arne Pommerening et al.

ECOLOGICAL MODELLING (2013)

Article Geography, Physical

Landscape ecology and biogeography: Rethinking landscape metrics in a post-FRAGSTATS landscape

John A. Kupfer

PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY-EARTH AND ENVIRONMENT (2012)

Review Ecology

Toward an Era of Restoration in Ecology: Successes, Failures, and Opportunities Ahead

Katharine N. Suding

ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS, VOL 42 (2011)

Article Biodiversity Conservation

Contribution of habitat patches to network connectivity: Redundancy and uniqueness of topological indices

Gabriella Baranyi et al.

ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS (2011)

Review Geography, Physical

Object based image analysis for remote sensing

T. Blaschke

ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING (2010)

Review Plant Sciences

Remote sensing of plant functional types

Susan L. Ustin et al.

NEW PHYTOLOGIST (2010)

Article Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications

Conefor Sensinode 2.2: A software package for quantifying the importance of habitat patches for landscape connectivity

Santiago Saura et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE (2009)

Article Geography, Physical

3D segmentation of single trees exploiting full waveform LIDAR data

J. Reitberger et al.

ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING (2009)

Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ecological Restoration in the Light of Ecological History

Stephen T. Jackson et al.

SCIENCE (2009)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Seed dispersal and spatial pattern in tropical trees

Tristram G. Seidler et al.

PLOS BIOLOGY (2006)

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Gene flow in complex landscapes: Testing multiple hypotheses with causal modeling

Samuel A. Cushman et al.

AMERICAN NATURALIST (2006)

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Use and misuse of landscape indices

HB Li et al.

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY (2004)

Article Forestry

Multivariate point processes and spatial variation of species diversity

K Shimatani

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2001)