Degradation of malathion and carbosulfan by ozone water and analysis of their by-products

BACKGROUND Treatment by ozone water is an emerging technology for the degradation of pesticide residues in vegetables. The ozone dissolved in water generates hydroxyl radicals ((OH)-O-center dot), which are highly effective in decomposing organic substances, such as malathion and carbosulfan. RESULTS We found that washing pak choi with 2.0 mg L-1 ozone water for 30 min resulted in 58.3% and 38.2% degradation of the malathion and carbosulfan contents respectively, and the degradation rates of these pure pesticides were 83.0% and 66.3% respectively. In addition, the 'first + first'-order reaction kinetic model was found to predict the trend in the pesticide content during ozone water treatment. Based on investigations by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with the structures of the pesticides, the by-products generated were identified. More specifically, the ozonation-based degradation of carbosulfan generated carbofuran and benzofuranol, whereas malathion produced succinic acid and phosphoric acid. Although some new harmful compounds were formed during degradation of the parent pesticides, these were only present in trace quantities and were transient intermediates that eventually disappeared during the reaction. CONCLUSION Our results, therefore, indicate that ozone water treatment technology for pesticide residue degradation is worthy of popularization and application. (c) 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Automated summary

Ozone water treatment is an effective technology for degrading pesticide residues in vegetables. The study found that washing pak choi with 2.0 mg L-1 ozone water for 30 min resulted in significant degradation of malathion and carbosulfan contents.