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Drug repurposing for the treatment of COVID-19

JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19

Yan Xie et al.

Summary: Individuals with COVID-19, even those who were not hospitalized during the acute phase of the infection, are at an increased long-term risk of various cardiovascular disorders. A study using national healthcare databases found that beyond the first 30 days after infection, individuals with COVID-19 have an elevated risk of developing cerebrovascular disorders, heart diseases, and other cardiovascular complications. The risk increases depending on the care setting during the acute phase.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells

Cody B. Jackson et al.

Summary: The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells is facilitated by the interaction between the viral spike protein and ACE2, leading to virus-cell membrane fusion, which has been extensively studied at the structural and cellular levels worldwide. This understanding has paved the way for the development of effective vaccines in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the infection with SARS-CoV-2.

NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Molnupiravir for Oral Treatment of Covid-19 in Nonhospitalized Patients

A. Jayk Bernal et al.

Summary: This study found that early treatment with molnupiravir reduced the risk of hospitalization or death in at-risk, unvaccinated adults with Covid-19.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Redox-dependent internalization of the purinergic P2Y6 receptor limits colitis progression

Kazuhiro Nishiyama et al.

Summary: This study identified a mechanism called redox-dependent alternative internalization (REDAI) that promotes the internalization and degradation of the purinergic P2Y(6) receptor (P2Y(6)R). The researchers found that both synthetic and natural compounds containing electrophilic isothiocyanate groups can modify P2Y(6)R and facilitate its internalization and degradation. This mechanism, mediated by cysteine modification, may also play a role in the internalization of other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and potentially limit the progression of colitis.

SCIENCE SIGNALING (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Tracking cryptic SARS-CoV-2 lineages detected in NYC wastewater

Davida S. Smyth et al.

Summary: Tracking the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 is important to monitor the emergence of novel variants resistant to immunity. The researchers detected increasing frequencies of novel cryptic SARS-CoV-2 lineages in the New York City wastewater, containing mutations rarely observed in clinical samples. These lineages share mutations with the Omicron variant and have expanded tropism and resistance to neutralizing antibodies.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Effect of early treatment with fluvoxamine on risk of emergency care and hospitalisation among patients with COVID-19: the TOGETHER randomised, platform clinical trial

Gilmar Reis et al.

Summary: Treatment with fluvoxamine (100 mg twice daily for 10 days) among high-risk outpatients with early diagnosed COVID-19 reduced the need for hospitalisation defined as retention in a COVID-19 emergency setting or transfer to a tertiary hospital. The trial showed a higher probability of superiority (99.8%) surpassing the prespecified threshold of 97.6%.

LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Lopinavir-Ritonavir in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Drug-Drug Interactions with Cardioactive Medications

Shubham Agarwal et al.

Summary: The combination of lopinavir-ritonavir is used to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection, but can lead to significant drug-drug interactions, especially when co-prescribed with cardiac medications, requiring careful monitoring.

CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Spike mutation D614G alters SARS-CoV-2 fitness

Jessica A. Plante et al.

Summary: The D614G substitution in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances viral replication and infectivity in human lung epithelial cells, primary airway tissues, and hamsters. This variant may increase transmission in the upper respiratory tract and doesn't seem to significantly reduce vaccine efficacy. Further research on therapeutic antibodies targeting the circulating G614 virus is recommended.

NATURE (2021)

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Review Allergy

Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: A review

Ya-dong Gao et al.

Summary: The severity factors of COVID-19 include age, gender, underlying health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and immunodeficiency, which may lead to complications like acute kidney injury. Various laboratory indicators and parameters can help monitor disease progression, while socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, and quality of healthcare also play a role in individual outcomes.

ALLERGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Soluble ACE2-mediated cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 via interaction with proteins related to the renin-angiotensin system

Man Lung Yeung et al.

Summary: Research has identified the crucial role of human host factors and sACE2 protein in virus dependency factors, cell entry, and other aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, shedding light on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and potential treatment strategies.

CELL (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: a new chapter in the COVID-19 pandemic

Salim S. Abdool Karim et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Screened antipsychotic drugs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 binding with ACE2 in vitro

Jiayu Lu et al.

Summary: The study found that eight antipsychotic drugs showed significant antiviral activity in vitro, with three quarters belonging to phenothiazine, which could effectively inhibit the entry of coronaviruses into ACE2-HEK293T cells. These drugs may have a synergistic effect and could be used as adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 infection.

LIFE SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Detection of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in South Africa

Houriiyah Tegally et al.

Summary: The article describes a newly emerged lineage of SARS-CoV-2, 501Y.V2, characterized by eight mutations in the spike protein, which may result in increased transmissibility or immune escape. This lineage originated in South Africa and quickly became dominant in Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and KwaZuluNatal provinces within weeks.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England

Nicholas G. Davies et al.

Summary: A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged in England, with a higher reproduction number and potential for large resurgences of COVID-19 cases. Without stringent control measures, it is projected that COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in England for the first 6 months of 2021 will exceed those in 2020. The variant has spread globally and exhibited similar transmission increases in Denmark, Switzerland, and the United States.

SCIENCE (2021)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: Pfizer's paxlovid is 89% effective in patients at risk of serious illness, company reports

Elisabeth Mahase

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Initial report of decreased SARS-CoV-2 viral load after inoculation with the BNT162b2 vaccine

Matan Levine-Tiefenbrun et al.

Summary: COVID-19 vaccines not only provide protection to individual vaccinees, but may also reduce viral load in breakthrough infections, potentially leading to lower infectiousness and further suppressing virus spread.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome

Ani Nalbandian et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, causing global healthcare crises. Recovery from COVID-19 may lead to persistent symptoms and long-term complications, prompting the need for multidisciplinary care and follow-up for survivors.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

SARS-CoV-2 infection of human iPSC-derived cardiac cells reflects cytopathic features in hearts of patients with COVID-19

Juan A. Perez-Bermejo et al.

Summary: This study found that heart cells of COVID-19 patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2 may suffer significant damage such as myofibrillar fragmentation and nuclear disruption, providing insights for potential therapeutic discovery.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Virology

Long-COVID and Post-COVID Health Complications: An Up-to-Date Review on Clinical Conditions and Their Possible Molecular Mechanisms

Bruno Silva Andrade et al.

Summary: The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to millions of infections, creating a long-term care burden for survivors. It is crucial to study both short-term and long-term effects, as they impact various human systems.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Vaccination on Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in England

Ross J. Harris et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Drug repurposing against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A review

Lianxiang Luo et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the current status of drug repurposing in COVID-19, which includes virtual computer screening, network pharmacology, and bioactivity-based drug repurposing, as a potentially beneficial treatment option for COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Genomic Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Involving E484K Spike Mutation, Brazil

Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka et al.

Summary: The case of reinfection from distinct virus lineages in Brazil with the E484K mutation raises concerns about the duration of protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, especially with the variant associated with escape from neutralizing antibodies. This highlights potential challenges for virus control measures.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern

Chen Wang et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

Na Zhu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Does comorbidity increase the risk of patients with COVID-19: evidence from meta-analysis

Bolin Wang et al.

AGING-US (2020)

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Article Oncology

Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China

L. Zhang et al.

ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Letter Microbiology

Nafamostat Mesylate Blocks Activation of SARS-CoV-2: New Treatment Option for COVID-19

Markus Hoffmann et al.

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2020)

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Letter Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2

Liang Chen et al.

CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

Markus Hoffmann et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Myocardial localization of coronavirus in COVID-19 cardiogenic shock

Guido Tavazzi et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2020)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study

Xiaobo Yang et al.

Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2020)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Zhe Xu et al.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Infectious Diseases

A review on possible modes of action of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine: repurposing against SAR-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic

Satyajit Tripathy et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS (2020)

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Article Allergy

Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan

Xiaochen Li et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV

Xiuyuan Ou et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues

Meng-Yuan Li et al.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY (2020)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System A Review

Mohammad Madjid et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Letter Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2

Kristian G. Andersen et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Multiorgan and Renal Tropism of SARS-CoV-2

Victor G. Puelles et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Cathepsin L-selective inhibitors: A potentially promising treatment for COVID-19 patients

Tianxiao Liu et al.

PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro

Leon Caly et al.

ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Efficient production of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using the baculovirus-silkworm system

Ryosuke Fujita et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Immunology

ACE2, Much More Than Just a Receptor for SARS-COV-2

Lobelia Samavati et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Association of Cardiac Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in Confirmed COVID-19 Autopsy Cases

Diana Lindner et al.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

ACE2 Expression Is Increased in the Lungs of Patients With Comorbidities Associated With Severe COVID-19

Bruna G. G. Pinto et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The protein expression profile of ACE2 in human tissues

Feria Hikmet et al.

MOLECULAR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

SARS-CoV-2 infects and induces cytotoxic effacts in human cardiomyocytes

Denisa Bojkova et al.

CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Inhibition of PIKfyve kinase prevents infection by Zaire ebolavirus and SARS-CoV-2

Yuan-Lin Kang et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development

Florian Krammer

NATURE (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19

Thakur Uttam Singh et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL REPORTS (2020)

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Letter Surgery

Dexamethasone to combat cytokine storm in COVID-19: Clinical trials and preliminary evidence

Khan Sharun et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY (2020)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Targeting TMPRSS2 and Cathepsin B/L together may be synergistic against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Pranesh Padmanabhan et al.

PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Repurposing of Biologic and Targeted Synthetic Anti-Rheumatic Drugs in COVID-19 and Hyper-Inflammation: A Comprehensive Review of Available and Emerging Evidence at the Peak of the Pandemic

Giulio Cavalli et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Challenges for Drug Repurposing in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Janet Sultana et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Clinical trials on drug repositioning for COVID-19 treatment

Sandro G. Viveiros Rosa et al.

REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

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Article Virology

Mechanism of Inhibition of Ebola Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Remdesivir

Egor P. Tchesnokov et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2019)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Ibudilast attenuates doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity by suppressing formation of TRPC3 channel and NADPH oxidase 2 protein complexes

Kazuhiro Nishiyama et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Depolysulfidation of Drp1 induced by low-dose methylmercury exposure increases cardiac vulnerability to hemodynamic overload

Akiyuki Nishimura et al.

SCIENCE SIGNALING (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

TRPC3-Nox2 axis mediates nutritional deficiency-induced cardiomyocyte atrophy

Suhaini Binti Sudi et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Hypoxia-induced interaction of filamin with Drp1 causes mitochondrial hyperfission-associated myocardial senescence

Akiyuki Nishimura et al.

SCIENCE SIGNALING (2018)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

TRPC3-Nox2 complex mediates doxorubicin-induced myocardial atrophy

Tsukasa Shimauchi et al.

JCI INSIGHT (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Purinergic P2Y6 receptors heterodimerize with angiotensin AT1 receptors to promote angiotensin II-induced hypertension

Akiyuki Nishimura et al.

SCIENCE SIGNALING (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

TRPC3 positively regulates reactive oxygen species driving maladaptive cardiac remodeling

Naoyuki Kitajima et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2016)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Purinergic P2Y6 receptors heterodimerize with angiotensin AT1 receptors to promote angiotensin II-induced hypertension

Akiyuki Nishimura et al.

SCIENCE SIGNALING (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Sildenafil reverses cardiac dysfunction in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Candace M. Adamo et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2010)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Roles of TRP channels in the development of cardiac hypertrophy

Motohiro Nishida et al.

NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY (2008)

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Article Microbiology

Mechanism of action of T-705 against influenza virus

Y Furuta et al.

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2005)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Camostat mesilate attenuates pancreatic fibrosis via inhibition of monocytes and pancreatic stellate cells activity

J Gibo et al.

LABORATORY INVESTIGATION (2005)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus

WH Li et al.

NATURE (2003)

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