Application of Bayesian Methods to Help Interpret the VANCO Trial Results

Editorial Material Obstetrics & Gynecology

Multiple comparisons: a tutorial. Part 1. Understanding hypothesis testing

Michael T. Lawson et al.

BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY (2021)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Using Bayesian Methods to Augment the Interpretation of Critical Care Trials An Overview of Theory and Example Reanalysis of the Alveolar Recruitment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Trial

Fernando G. Zampieri et al.

Summary: Most randomized trials are traditionally analyzed using frequentist statistical approaches like null hypothesis testing and P values. However, the concept of P values can be difficult to understand and may lead to misinterpretation. Bayesian methods offer an alternative probabilistic interpretation of data, providing a distribution of effect sizes compatible with observed trial data based on prior assumptions. Bayesian reanalysis, although increasingly common, raises concerns about potential bias if priors are not predefined. Standardization of priors in Bayesian reanalysis of clinical trials may be beneficial for the critical care community.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19

Anthony C. Gordon et al.

Summary: Interleukin-6 receptor antagonists tocilizumab and sarilumab were found to improve outcomes, including survival, in critically ill patients with Covid-19 receiving organ support in ICUs according to an ongoing international trial. The efficacy of these treatments has been confirmed, with patients benefiting from the therapy.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Surgery

Effect of Intrawound Vancomycin Powder in Operatively Treated High-risk Tibia Fractures A Randomized Clinical Trial

Robert V. O'Toole et al.

Summary: This study examined the effect of intrawound vancomycin powder in reducing deep surgical site infections in high-risk patients with operatively treated tibial fractures. The results showed that the use of vancomycin powder reduced the risk of gram-positive deep surgical site infections, consistent with the activity of vancomycin.

JAMA SURGERY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19

Ewan C. Goligher et al.

Summary: In critically ill patients with Covid-19, initial therapeutic-dose anticoagulation did not result in improved survival rates or fewer days requiring cardiovascular or respiratory organ support compared to usual-care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Orthopedics