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Monkeypox: An emerging global threat during the COVID-19 pandemic

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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Review Virology

Epidemiological trends and clinical features of the ongoing monkeypox epidemic: A preliminary pooled data analysis and literature review

Nicola L. Bragazzi et al.

Summary: An emerging global outbreak of monkeypox infection is spreading rapidly, with clinical characteristics and transmission route different from previous outbreaks. Preliminary risk factors have been identified, but further research is needed.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2023)

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Article Immunology

Exportation of Monkeypox Virus From the African Continent

Matthew R. Mauldin et al.

Summary: There is no direct linkage between the individuals who exported the monkeypox cases from Nigeria, but there is limited genetic variation among the viruses, suggesting a possible common source or independent infections within a small geographic area.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Immunology

Perspectives Rapid response of a medical center upon the surge of COVID-19 epidemic in Taiwan

Jih-Hsin Huang et al.

Summary: A surge of COVID-19 cases in northern Taiwan posed a crisis to the medical system, but Far Eastern Memorial Hospital (FEMH) responded quickly and increased its capacity through various measures such as reducing hospitalization cases, expanding beds, and conducting extensive testing. With determined leadership and concerted efforts, FEMH successfully combated the epidemic.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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Article Tropical Medicine

The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox—A potential threat? A systematic review

Eveline M. Bunge et al.

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission through sexual contact, Italy, May 2022

Andrea Antinori et al.

Summary: Since May 2022, there has been an ongoing monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries. Four cases in young adult men in Italy, who engaged in condomless sexual intercourse, were reported. The patients are in good clinical condition and do not require specific antiviral drugs. Monkeypox viral DNA was detected in seminal fluid samples. The possibility of sexual transmission of monkeypox virus needs to be investigated.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Community transmission of monkeypox in the United Kingdom, April to May 2022

Roberto Vivancos et al.

Summary: Between 7 and 25 May, 86 cases of monkeypox have been confirmed in the UK, with only one case known to have traveled to a monkeypox virus endemic country. The majority of the cases were males, among which 66 reported being gay, bisexual, or men who have sex with men. This is the first sustained human-to-human transmission of monkeypox in the UK, occurring through close contacts, including sexual networks. Ongoing efforts are being made to improve case identification and prevent further transmission.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Monkeypox infection presenting as genital rash, Australia, May 2022

Yael Hammerschlag et al.

Summary: A case of monkeypox was confirmed in an HIV-positive individual receiving antiretroviral therapy in Australia, with the patient developing systemic illness and disseminated rash necessitating hospitalization.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Ongoing monkeypox virus outbreak, Portugal, 29 April to 23 May 2022

Mariana Perez Duque et al.

Summary: Portugal has detected 96 confirmed cases of monkeypox as of 27 May 2022. Among the 27 confirmed cases, all were males with a median age of 33 years (range: 22-51). The earliest symptom onset date was 29 April. The majority of cases (25 out of 27) were found in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley health region. Most cases were not associated with identified transmission chains, travel history, symptomatic individuals, or contact with animals, suggesting the possibility of previously undetected spread of monkeypox.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Respiratory etiological surveillance among quarantined patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infection at a medical center in southern Taiwan during COVID-19 pandemic

Chien-Ping Huang et al.

Summary: A comprehensive study of respiratory pathogens was conducted in a low prevalence area of COVID-19. The results showed that bacterial pathogens were the main cause of lower respiratory tract infection, but atypical pathogens were also found. Patients infected with atypical pathogens were younger and had shorter hospital stays compared to those with bacterial infections. Multiplex PCR can provide rapid diagnosis of atypical pathogens, especially when sputum culture sampling is limited.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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Letter Immunology

The challenges of enhancing global preparedness in response to the impending Omicron pandemic

Ngai-Sze Wong et al.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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Review Immunology

Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant and appropriate countermeasures

Wenxia Shao et al.

Summary: The Omicron variant has rapidly spread worldwide with higher infectivity and transmissibility, affecting the efficacy of existing vaccines. However, it causes mild clinical symptoms and fewer severe cases and deaths. Nonpharmaceutical interventions and improving diagnostic accuracy are crucial in breaking the chain of transmission. COVID-19 vaccine boosters and the development of a specific vaccine for the Omicron variant are also important measures to control its spread.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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Article Immunology

Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination among people living with HIV during a COVID-19 outbreak

Kuan-Yin Lin et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that COVID-19 vaccination is clinically effective among people living with HIV (PLWH) in an outbreak setting with low endemicity of COVID-19 and strict non-pharmaceutical interventions.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Seven monkeypox cases are confirmed in England

Elisabeth Mahase

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

Evidence of surface contamination in hospital rooms occupied by patients infected with monkeypox, Germany, June 2022

Dominik Noerz et al.

Summary: The study investigated the environmental contamination of monkeypox virus on surfaces in hospital rooms occupied by patients. High concentrations of viral copies were detected on inanimate surfaces and the virus was successfully isolated from these surfaces. These findings emphasize the importance of strict adherence to protective measures by hospital staff and suggest pre-exposure or early post-exposure vaccination for individuals at risk.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Estimated incubation period for monkeypox cases confirmed in the Netherlands, May 2022

Fuminari Miura et al.

Summary: Based on 18 confirmed monkeypox cases in the Netherlands, the average incubation period was found to be 8.5 days, supporting the recommendation to monitor or isolate/quarantine case contacts for 21 days. Further epidemiological investigations are needed to confirm potential differences in the incubation period between different transmission routes.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2022)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Letter to the editor: multiple introductions of MPX in Italy from different geographic areas

Federica Ferraro et al.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Monkeypox Outbreak — Nine States, May 2022

Faisal S. Minhaj et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Monkeypox virus: A novel sexually transmitted disease? A case report from France

Alexandre Valle et al.

TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2022)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

New challenges in human monkeypox outside Africa: A review and case report from Italy

Davide Mileto et al.

Summary: The article presents a case of an Italian man diagnosed with monkeypox while living in Portugal, and it was found that the virus infection seemed to present in a different way, possibly through human-to-human transmission via sexual contact.

TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2022)

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Review Immunology

Remdesivir use in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A mini-review

Chih-Jen Yang et al.

Summary: The global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2-associated viral pneumonia started in China in December 2019. Remdesivir appears to be the most promising therapeutic drug for COVID-19 based on clinical trials and reports. Further research is needed to understand the efficacy and challenges of remdesivir in treating COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Clinical efficacy and safety of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Chih-Cheng Lai et al.

Summary: The study found that remdesivir can improve the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19, with a 5-day regimen likely being sufficient. However, no mortality benefit was observed with remdesivir treatment, and there was no increased risk of adverse events.

JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (2021)

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Review Immunology

COVID-19 vaccines: concerns beyond protective efficacy and safety

Chih-Cheng Lai et al.

Summary: Four vaccines have been granted emergency use authorization, 87 are in clinical development, and 186 are in pre-clinical development. The development of COVID-19 vaccines is rapidly progressing, but the benefits must outweigh the potential risks. Collaboration between clinicians, healthcare authorities, and manufacturers is essential for successful vaccination programs to control the COVID-19 pandemic.

EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association Between Administration of IL-6 Antagonists and Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 AMeta-analysis

Manu Shankar-Hari et al.

Summary: This study identified 27 clinical trials and found that the use of IL-6 antagonists was associated with lower 28-day all-cause mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 compared to usual care or placebo. Different risk effects were observed between tocilizumab and sarilumab, increasing understanding of the treatment with these drugs.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Review Immunology

Clinical efficacy of antiviral agents against coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Chih-Cheng Lai et al.

Summary: Research on antiviral agents for COVID-19 treatment is ongoing, with findings suggesting that remdesivir may accelerate clinical improvement, while favipiravir and sofosbuvir/daclatasvir have limited effects. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of these drugs in different populations and countries.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

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Review Immunology

Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths

Chih-Cheng Lai et al.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Extra-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19

Chih-Cheng Lai et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS (2020)

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Review Immunology

Co-infections among patients with COVID-19: The need for combination therapy with non-anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents?

Chih-Cheng Lai et al.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION (2020)

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Article Immunology

Human monkeypox - After 40 years, an unintended consequence of smallpox eradication

Karl Simpson et al.

VACCINE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Human-to-Human Transmission of Monkeypox Virus, United Kingdom, October 2018

Aisling Vaughan et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Immunology

Human Monkeypox Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Prevention

Eskild Petersen et al.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The 2017 human monkeypox outbreak in Nigeria-Report of outbreak experience and response in the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Dimie Ogoina et al.

PLOS ONE (2019)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Emergence of Monkeypox as the Most Important Orthopoxvirus Infection in Humans

Nikola Sklenovska et al.

FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH (2018)

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Article Immunology

Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women With Human Monkeypox Infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Placide K. Mbala et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2017)

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Article Microbiology

Human monkeypox: an emerging zoonotic disease

Scott Parker et al.

FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY (2007)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Comparative pathology of North American and central African strains of monkeypox virus in a ground squirrel model of the disease

Elena Sbrana et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE (2007)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses

AM Likos et al.

JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY (2005)

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Article Virology

Virulence differences between monkeypox virus isolates from West Africa and the Congo basin

NH Chen et al.

VIROLOGY (2005)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Multiple diagnostic techniques identify previously vaccinated individuals with protective immunity against monkeypox

E Hammarlund et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2005)

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