Calcium copper titanate a perovskite oxide structure: effect of fabrication techniques and doping on electrical properties-a review

The discovery of innovative multifunctional ceramics is an important topic in the recent field of research and development. Perovskite oxide ceramics exhibit a wide range of multifunctional characteristics, such as ferromagnetism, ferro-, piezo-, and pyro-electricity and nonlinear dielectric properties. These characteristics are significant for use in environmental remediation, sensors, filters, energy conversion, and storage, corrosion-resistance coatings, aerospace industries, separators, detectors, antennas, etc. The calcium copper titanate (CCTO) with colossal dielectric constant with low dielectric loss tangent, and its isomorphs have piqued the interest of the development of advanced capacitor materials for electronic industries. CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) exhibits the most extraordinary characteristic, with a dielectric permittivity at 1 kHz of similar to 10(4) that is essentially constant from ambient temperature to 300 degrees C. The substitution of metal cations/anions is an effective strategy to enhance the properties of the CCTO ceramics and extend their applications. In this review, we systematically examined the advancements of CCTO ceramics, including their structural morphology, tolerance factor, extrinsic /intrinsic mechanisms, different synthesis techniques, sintering techniques, and the effect of single doping as well as the co-doping mechanism for the enhancement of the dielectric and electrical properties. A series of CCTO-based ceramics have been summarized and explained their mechanisms and electrical properties. We anticipate that our study will help as an overview and motivate other researchers to continue working on the fabrication of CCTO or other electro-ceramics in the upcoming years.

Automated summary

The discovery of innovative multifunctional ceramics, particularly perovskite oxide ceramics such as calcium copper titanate (CCTO), has significant implications for various industries. This article systematically reviews the advancements in CCTO ceramics, including their structural morphology, synthesis techniques, doping mechanisms, and effects on dielectric and electrical properties. The study provides an overview and motivation for future research in the fabrication of CCTO or other electro-ceramics.