GPU-based optical simulation of the DARWIN detector

Understanding propagation of scintillation light is critical for maximizing the discovery potential of next-generation liquid xenon detectors that use dual-phase time projection chamber technology. This work describes a detailed optical simulation of the DARWIN detector implemented using Chroma, a GPU-based photon tracking framework. To evaluate the framework and to explore ways of maximizing efficiency and minimizing the time of light collection, we simulate several variations of the conventional detector design. Results of these selected studies are presented. More generally, we conclude that the approach used in this work allows one to investigate alternative designs faster and in more detail than using conventional Geant4 optical simulations, making it an attractive tool to guide the development of the ultimate liquid xenon observatory.

Automated summary

This study presents a detailed optical simulation of the DARWIN detector using the Chroma framework, a GPU-based photon tracking platform. By simulating variations of the conventional detector design, the framework's efficiency and light collection time were evaluated. The results demonstrate that this approach provides a faster and more detailed alternative to traditional Geant4 optical simulations, making it an attractive tool for guiding the development of liquid xenon observatories.