A Review on Lead-Free-Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 Based Ceramics and Films: Dielectric, Piezoelectric, Ferroelectric and Energy Storage Performance

To maintain the significant development of the ecological society, proper attention on Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) based perovskites has been directed toward the analysis of electrical energy storage in past decades. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of lead-free BNT based materials for piezoelectric detectors, sensors, shape memory alloys and ferroelectric random access memories. It discusses the basic concept of piezo and ferroelectricity and discusses the salient properties of energy storage materials. The BNT based materials with ergodic and non-ergodic relaxor states have been analyzed. The potential environmental threat of lead-containing materials in electronic materials has gradually shifted the focus to non-toxic, eco-friendly piezoelectric materials. Hence, this article's primary focus is the analysis of BNT based bulk polycrystalline compounds and thin and thick films. Detailed research on dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, energy storage, and efficiency performance has been performed. Furthermore, the effect of doping on the BNT compound has been discussed in detail. With energy storage materials being used in different applications, a part of this review elucidates the use of energy-related BNT based compounds to cater to the needs of technology.

Automated summary

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of lead-free BNT based materials for various applications, such as piezoelectric detectors, sensors, shape memory alloys, and ferroelectric random access memories. It discusses the fundamental concepts of piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity and explores the significant properties of energy storage materials. The article also focuses on the analysis of BNT based bulk polycrystalline compounds and thin and thick films, as well as the effects of doping on BNT compounds.