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Article
Microbiology
Chang Liu et al.
Summary: This study investigated several variants of SARS-CoV-2 and found that the Beta variant has the largest antigenic difference compared to other variants, such as Delta, and is poorly neutralized by serum from early pandemic and Delta viruses. The study also revealed that certain antibodies can recognize conserved neutralizing epitopes, while others target specific mutated residues in the Beta variant.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Fabian Schmidt et al.
Summary: Neutralization assays showed much lower omicron neutralization compared to Wuhan-hu-1 after two doses of mRNA vaccine, but individuals who received a booster vaccine or were vaccinated after recovering from Covid-19 exhibited high levels of omicron neutralization.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
S. Momsen Reincke et al.
Summary: The Beta variant of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 shows resistance to neutralization by antibodies from COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals. Researchers have identified specific antibodies in serum from Beta-infected patients that are able to cross-react with the wild type virus. This finding provides insights into the antibody response to antigenic drift and has implications for the development of future vaccines and therapeutics.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Gaebler et al.
Summary: After infection with SARS-CoV-2, antibody levels against the spike protein decrease significantly, but the number of memory B cells remain unchanged, indicating an evolving humoral response at 6.2 months after infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emma C. Thomson et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 virus can mutate and evade immunity, with mutations like N439K conferring resistance against neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and enhancing binding affinity to hACE2 receptor. Despite similar in vitro replication fitness and clinical outcomes compared to wild type, N439K mutation highlights the importance of ongoing molecular surveillance for guiding vaccine and therapeutic development and usage.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran et al.
Summary: New variants of SARS-CoV-2 show high resistance to vaccine neutralization, with some able to escape vaccine responses with just a few mutations, highlighting the importance of developing broadly protective measures against variants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daming Zhou et al.
Summary: The race to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1, is ongoing as these variants have mutations in the spike protein, potentially leading to immune escape. A structure-function analysis of B.1.351 revealed tighter ACE2 binding and widespread evasion from monoclonal antibody neutralization, particularly driven by the E484K mutation.
Article
Microbiology
Zhuoming Liu et al.
Summary: The study found that antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have escape mutations, different monoclonal antibodies have unique resistance profiles, some mutants are resistant to multiple antibodies while some variants can escape neutralization by convalescent sera. Comparing antibody-mediated mutations with circulating SARS-CoV-2 sequences revealed substitutions that may weaken neutralizing immune responses in some individuals, warranting further investigation.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Allison J. Greaney et al.
Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 may impact the recognition of the virus by human antibody-mediated immunity, with mutations affecting antibody binding varying significantly among individuals and within the same individual over time. Despite this variability, mutations that greatly reduce antibody binding usually occur at specific sites in the RBD, with E484 being the most crucial. These findings can inform surveillance efforts for SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the future.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alice Cho et al.
Summary: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to evolving B cell responses over at least a year, while vaccination with mRNA vaccines results in high plasma neutralizing activity against various variants. Memory B cells from vaccinated individuals show increased neutralizing activity between prime and boost, but do not exhibit further expansion in potency or breadth.
Letter
Virology
Carolina M. Voloch et al.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Houriiyah Tegally et al.
Summary: The article describes a newly emerged lineage of SARS-CoV-2, 501Y.V2, characterized by eight mutations in the spike protein, which may result in increased transmissibility or immune escape. This lineage originated in South Africa and quickly became dominant in Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and KwaZuluNatal provinces within weeks.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pengfei Wang et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global repercussions, with promising vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies. However, newly detected variants of SARS-CoV-2 present challenges to these treatment options.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zijun Wang et al.
Summary: Volunteers who received the Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine showed high levels of antibodies and memory B cell responses against SARS-CoV-2, with activity similar to individuals who had recovered from natural infection. However, their efficacy against specific SARS-CoV-2 variants was reduced, indicating a potential need for periodic updates to mRNA vaccines to maintain clinical efficacy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Constantinos Kurt Wibmer et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus in the B.1.351 variant discovered in South Africa can evade neutralization by most antibodies when expressed, but does not affect binding by convalescent plasma. This suggests the potential for reinfection with antigenically distinct variants and predicts reduced efficacy of spike-based vaccines.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuping Xie et al.
Summary: The study found that human sera from recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 viruses containing key spike mutations from the newly emerged UK and SA variants.
Article
Immunology
Mrunal Sakharkar et al.
Summary: The study on the kinetics and evolution of the human B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed that serum neutralizing antibody responses declined rapidly, while spike-specific IgG(+) memory B cells remained stable or increased over time. The research also showed evidence for prolonged antibody affinity maturation and the impact of mutations in the S protein on the neutralizing antibody response.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jose Claudio da Silva et al.
Summary: This study describes the clinical characterization of the first cases of a new Brazilian variant of SARS-CoV-2 (P1) in the State of Alagoas, including two confirmed cases: one from Amazonas State and the other a probable case of community transmission within Alagoas, both with mild symptoms. Further research is needed to better understand the clinical behavior of the P1 SARS-CoV-2 variant and its associated sequelae in the context of COVID-19.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew McCallum et al.
Summary: The study identifies 41 human monoclonal antibodies that recognize the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and exhibit strong neutralizing activity. These antibodies inhibit cell-to-cell fusion, activate effector functions, and protect animals from virus challenge, highlighting the importance of NTD-specific neutralizing antibodies for protective immunity and vaccine development. Several SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in the NTD supersite suggest ongoing selective pressure on the virus.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann et al.
Summary: The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may exhibit resistance to existing neutralizing antibodies and treatments, which could have significant implications for pandemic containment efforts.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai et al.
Summary: Ending the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires global vaccination. New virus strains with mutations impact antibody responses, but some variants are less resistant than others. A monoclonal antibody can neutralize different variants and partially restore neutralization potency for other public antibodies.
Article
Microbiology
Pengfei Wang et al.
Summary: The emerging Brazilian variant P.1 shows increased resistance to antibody neutralization, posing a threat to current antibody therapies, but has less impact on the effectiveness of protective vaccines.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Maureen Betton et al.
Summary: After COVID-19 infection, levels of IgG antibodies and neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 decrease over time, but do not imply loss of neutralizing capacity; A few patients showed negative serological status 6 months post-infection; IgG levels correlate with neutralization and show a stronger correlation for anti-S antibodies.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Marianna Agudelo et al.
Summary: The study revealed the human neutralizing antibody response to TBEV, showing that the most potent neutralizing antibodies were found in individuals who recovered from natural infection. These antibodies also neutralized other tick-borne flaviviruses, and structural analysis identified a conserved epitope near the lateral ridge of EDIII. Prophylactic or early therapeutic antibody administration was effective at low doses in mice lethally infected with TBEV.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandile Cele et al.
Summary: The study compared the neutralization of non-VOC and 501Y.V2 VOC variants using plasma from COVID-19 patients in South Africa. It found that plasma from individuals infected during the first wave effectively neutralized the first-wave virus variant, while plasma from those infected in the second wave effectively neutralized the 501Y.V2 variant.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David S. Khoury et al.
Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nuno R. Faria et al.
Summary: A new variant of concern, P.1, with 17 mutations including three spike protein mutations associated with increased binding to human ACE2 receptors, emerged in Manaus, Brazil between November 2020 and January 2021. Molecular analysis suggests P.1 may be 1.7- to 2.4-fold more transmissible and that previous infection may provide 54 to 79% protection against P.1 infection compared to other lineages. Enhanced global genomic surveillance of such variants is crucial for pandemic response.
Article
Immunology
Frauke Muecksch et al.
Summary: This study examined the development of antibodies following infection with the coronavirus, finding that evolved antibodies had increased affinity and neutralization potency, altered mutational pathways for viral resistance, and restricted neutralization escape options. These findings suggest that increasing antibody diversity through prolonged or repeated antigen exposure may improve protection against diversifying populations of the virus and other pandemic threat coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Angela Choi et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that vaccination with the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine produces neutralizing antibodies against various emerging variants, including variants of concern and interest. While neutralization of some variants may be reduced compared to the wild-type virus, the protective effect is still present, informing vaccination strategies against COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zijun Wang et al.
Summary: Despite challenges posed by COVID-19 variants, convalescent individuals receiving mRNA vaccines exhibit robust and long-lasting immune responses against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, providing hope for effective control of the pandemic.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fabian Schmidt et al.
Summary: The number and variability of neutralizing epitopes targeted by polyclonal antibodies in individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 or been vaccinated play a crucial role in determining the breadth of neutralization and the genetic barrier to viral escape. Studying HIV-1 pseudotypes and plasma selection experiments, it was found that human polyclonal antibodies target multiple neutralizing epitopes within and outside the receptor-binding domain, and antibody targets coincide with spike sequences enriched for diversity in natural SARS-CoV-2 populations. Combining plasma-selected spike substitutions led to the generation of 'polymutant' spike protein pseudotypes that resist neutralization by polyclonal antibodies to a similar extent as circulating variants of concern. Plasma from individuals who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently received mRNA vaccination was able to neutralize highly resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants, suggesting that optimally elicited polyclonal antibodies can provide protection against future SARS-CoV-2 variations and potential sarbecovirus pandemics.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Kaiming Tao et al.
Summary: The emergence of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants has significant impacts on the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including increased virus transmission rates, heightened risk of reinfection, and reduced effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. These variants have introduced new challenges to COVID-19 research, necessitating additional avenues of laboratory, epidemiological, and clinical studies.
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
William T. Harvey et al.
Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized by the emergence of mutations and variants that impact virus characteristics. Manufacturers are preparing for possible updates to vaccines in response to changes in the virus population, and it is crucial to monitor genetic and antigenic changes alongside experiments to understand the impacts of mutations.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emanuele Andreano et al.
Summary: Research suggests that SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to generate variants resistant to neutralizing antibodies, and computational modeling predicts that these variants may prevent binding of neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, the development of vaccines and antibodies capable of controlling emerging variants is crucial.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Masaki Imai et al.
Summary: The P.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2 showed similar replicative abilities and pathogenicity in Syrian hamsters compared to early and contemporary strains. Sera/plasma from convalescent patients and BNT162b2 vaccinees had comparable neutralization titers against the P.1 variant, S-614D, and S-614G strains. Serum from a P.1-infected patient recognized the S-614D and S-614G strains less effectively than the P.1 variant.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meng Yuan et al.
Summary: Mutations in the RBS residues of new variant strains of the coronavirus can affect the binding and neutralizing effects of antibodies, but have little impact on antibodies targeting more conserved neutralizing sites.
Article
Cell Biology
Claudia A. Jette et al.
Summary: This study characterizes two class 4 anti-RBD antibodies derived from COVID-19 donors that exhibit breadth and potent neutralization of zoonotic coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 variants. These antibodies work by occluding the ACE2 binding site and reducing sensitivity to variations in the protein structure.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tom G. Caniels et al.
Summary: New SARS-CoV-2 variants pose a threat to human immunity, with most individuals showing significantly reduced neutralization against three variants, especially B.1.351. Hospitalized patients and vaccine recipients maintained sufficient neutralizing titers, while a substantial portion of non-hospitalized patients exhibited no neutralization against B.1.351.
Letter
Immunology
Takahisa Fujino et al.
Summary: Different variants of SARS-CoV-2 with higher transmission potential have been emerging globally, including one found in travelers from Brazil to Japan in January 2021, which carries an additional set of mutations.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bin Ju et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christoph Kreer et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qianqian Li et al.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher O. Barnes et al.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yunlong Cao et al.
Article
Immunology
Fabian Schmidt et al.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2020)
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Davide F. Robbiani et al.
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Alina Baum et al.
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Thomas F. Rogers et al.
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Philip J. M. Brouwer et al.
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Christopher O. Barnes et al.
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Biology
Yiska Weisblum et al.
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Cinque Soto et al.
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Till Schoofs et al.
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Yicheng Guo et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
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Bryan Briney et al.
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Immunology
Florian Klein et al.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2014)
