Probing interactions of aminoacyl-adenylate with Mycobacterium tuberculosis methionyl-tRNA synthetase through in silico site-directed mutagenesis and free energy calculation

Methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) is an attractive molecular target for antibiotic discovery. Recently, we have developed several classes of small-molecular inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MetRS possessing antibacterial activity. In this article, we performed in silico site-directed mutagenesis of aminoacyl-adenylate binding site of M. tuberculosis MetRS in order to identify crucial amino acid residues for substrate interaction. The umbrella sampling algorithm was used to calculate the binding free energy (Delta G) of these mutated forms with methionyl-adenylate analogue. According to the obtained results, the replacement of Glu24 and Leu293 by alanine leads to the most significant decrease in the binding free energy (Delta G) for adenylate analogue with methionyl-tRNA synthetase indicating increasing of the affinity, which in turn causes the loss of compounds inhibitory activity. Therefore, these amino acid residues can be proposed for further experimental site-directed mutagenesis to confirm binding mode of inhibitors and should be taken into account during chemical optimization to overcome resistance due to mutations. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Automated summary

This article investigates the importance of key amino acid residues in the aminoacyl-adenylate binding site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MetRS for substrate interaction. The mutation of Glu24 and Leu293 to alanine is found to enhance the affinity for methionyl-tRNA synthetase but leads to the loss of inhibitory activity. These residues can be further studied for confirming the binding mode of inhibitors and considered in chemical optimization to overcome resistance due to mutations.