Potential Involvement of Varicella Zoster Virus in Alzheimer's Disease via Reactivation of Quiescent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Editorial Material Clinical Neurology

Does antiherpetic antiviral therapy reduce the risk of dementia?

Ruth F. Itzhaki

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Antiherpetic drugs: a potential way to prevent Alzheimer's disease?

Morgane Linard et al.

Summary: Using a French medico-administrative database, this study found that taking at least one systemic antiherpetic drug (AHD) during follow-up was significantly associated with a 15% reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD).

ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19

Rodolfo Furlan Damiano et al.

Summary: Recent attention has been focused on the impact of infectious diseases on human cognition, with theories proposed to explain cognitive decline. Studies suggest that COVID-19 may have short- and long-term effects on cognition, even in asymptomatic individuals.

EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Herpes simplex and herpes zoster viruses in COVID-19 patients

Joseph Katz et al.

Summary: Herpes simplex-1 and varicella zoster viruses are strongly associated with COVID-19 infection, potentially leading to detrimental outcomes.

IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Association of herpes zoster with dementia and effect of antiviral therapy on dementia: a population-based cohort study

Seongman Bae et al.

Summary: The study revealed that patients with herpes zoster have a higher risk of dementia, but this risk can be reduced by receiving antiviral therapy.

EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Review Virology

Does bacillusCalmette-Guerinvaccine prevent herpes simplex virus recurrences? A systematic review

Laure F. Pittet et al.

Summary: The BCG vaccine shows potential benefits in reducing HSV infections and recurrences, with animal studies showing significant improvement in survival rates. While non-randomized human studies lack conclusive evidence, there is overall clinical benefit observed, particularly in patients with recurrent herpes labialis. Properly controlled randomized trials are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of BCG vaccine in preventing HSV infections and recurrences.

REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Impact of herpes zoster vaccination on incident dementia: A retrospective study in two patient cohorts

Jeffrey F. Scherrer et al.

Summary: Herpes zoster vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of dementia, potentially providing nonspecific neuroprotection by training the immune system to limit damaging inflammation, or specific neuroprotection that prevents viral cytopathic effects.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Shingles, Zostavax vaccination and risk of developing dementia: a nested case-control study-results from the UK Biobank cohort

Artitaya Lophatananon et al.

Summary: The study found no significant association between shingles and dementia, however, individuals who had received Zostavax vaccination had a significantly reduced risk of developing dementia.

BMJ OPEN (2021)

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Review Clinical Neurology

The Potential Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease

Kathlyn Laval et al.

Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting around 50 million people worldwide, with no cure currently available. Recent attention has been focused on the potential role of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) in sporadic AD, as well as the neuroinflammatory response as a driving force in the disease. Further research is needed to fully understand the etiology of AD.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Review Dermatology

Can COVID-19 Increase the Risk of Herpes Zoster? A Narrative Review

Javier Diez-Domingo et al.

Summary: Herpes zoster (HZ), caused by reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV), may be associated with T cell dysfunction in COVID-19 patients, especially those with lymphopenia. While there have been reports of HZ following COVID-19, current evidence from case reports and case series is insufficient to determine if COVID-19 increases the risk of HZ. Practitioners should be aware of a possible increased risk of HZ during the pandemic and consider appropriate therapeutic and preventive measures.

DERMATOLOGY AND THERAPY (2021)

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Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

Should infectious diseases be targeted to prevent dementias?

Xian-Le Bu et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Can Control Infections Slow Down the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease? Talking About the Role of Infections in Alzheimer's Disease

Mingchao Shi et al.

Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a global public health priority affecting over 40 million people worldwide. The role of infections in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is still unclear, but recent studies suggest that infection and chronic inflammation may be crucial risk factors. While the causal relationship between infection and Alzheimer's disease is difficult to determine, infections may act as accelerators in the progression of the disease. Conducting longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials in humans to explore the links between infection and Alzheimer's disease could lead to more promising clinical therapeutic strategies.

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Herpes Zoster Vaccination Reduces Risk of Dementia

Steven Lehrer et al.

Summary: This study utilized data from BRFSS to evaluate the relationship between herpes zoster vaccination and cognitive impairment, finding that vaccination significantly reduced the risk of social activities being hampered by disorientation or memory loss. The results support the connection between herpes viruses and Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that reactivation of embryologic pathways by herpes viruses could play a role in the pathologic processes of Alzheimer's disease.

IN VIVO (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG): the adroit vaccine

Oluwafolajimi A. Adesanya et al.

Summary: The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has been in use for 99 years and is known for its effectiveness in preventing severe forms of tuberculosis in children. Beyond its tuberculosis protection, the vaccine also shows protective effects against various viral infections in humans through induction of innate immune memory and heterologous lymphocytic activation. However, further studies are needed to understand the immunologic mechanisms behind these effects and to explore potential applications against future viral infections.

AIMS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

High incidence of Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human-herpes virus-6 reactivations in critically ill patients with COVID-19

A. Simonnet et al.

Summary: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 in the ICU are prone to herpesvirus reactivation, particularly with EBV, which occurs early and is associated with longer ICU stays.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES NOW (2021)

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Review Neurosciences