Parent problem drinking trajectory classes predict anxiety in adolescence and emerging adulthood

Background: This study identified latent trajectory classes for maternal problem drinking and paternal problem drinking and examined the associations between these trajectory classes and offspring anxiety symptoms during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Methods: Participants (n = 870; 54% female; 59% non-Hispanic White; Mage = 16.10, SD = 0.71) were administered surveys during the spring of 2007, 2008, and 2009, and 2014. Results: Fit indices from parallel process growth mixture models suggested three dual trajectory classes: (1) Low initial levels of maternal problem drinking and paternal problem drinking that increased over time (Low-Both); (2) Low initial levels of maternal problem drinking that increased over time and high initial levels of paternal problem drinking that increased slightly over time (Low-Mom/High-Dad); (3) High initial levels of maternal problem drinking that increased slightly over time and low initial levels of paternal problem drinking that remained relatively stable over time (High-Mom/Low-Dad). Girls were more likely than boys to be classified in the Low-Mom/High-Dad and High-Mom/Low-Dad classes, relative to the Low-Both trajectory class. In addition, adolescents in the High-Mom/Low-Dad trajectory class reported the most anxiety symptoms during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Limitations: Limitations include the reliance on one informant (the adolescent/emerging adult) and the geographically limited sample (northeastern United States). Conclusions: Prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing anxiety should consider changes in alcohol use in both the father and the mother over time. Moreover, special attention should be paid to maternal problem drinking given that it appears to be a salient risk factor for anxiety during adolescence and emerging adulthood.

Automated summary

This study identified trajectory classes for maternal and paternal problem drinking and found associations between these classes and offspring anxiety symptoms during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Girls were more likely to be classified in the trajectory classes characterized by low initial levels of maternal problem drinking and high initial levels of paternal problem drinking. The trajectory class with high initial levels of maternal problem drinking and low initial levels of paternal problem drinking showed the most anxiety symptoms during adolescence and emerging adulthood.