4.1 Review

Optimal use of the FDG-PET/CT in the diagnostic process of fever of unknown origin (FUO): a comprehensive review

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Diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in inflammation of unknown origin: A clinical series of 317 patients

Jan Holubar et al.

Summary: Among 317 IUO patients, noninfectious inflammatory diseases were the major diagnoses, and F-18-FDG-PET/CT was found to be helpful in the diagnostic strategy. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis were the top causes of noninfectious inflammatory diseases.

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Fever of Unknown Origin

Ghady Haidar et al.

Summary: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) refers to a fever higher than 38.3 degrees C on several occasions during at least 3 weeks with uncertain diagnosis after a number of obligatory tests. Infection, neoplasm, and noninfectious inflammatory diseases are the most common causes, but up to 50% of cases remain undiagnosed. FDG-PET is a commonly used diagnostic method that can detect malignancy, inflammation, and infection. However, it does not seem to contribute to a final diagnosis in patients with normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein.

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Diagnostic value of F-18 FDG PET/CT in fever or inflammation of unknown origin in a large single-center retrospective study

Friedrich Weitzer et al.

Summary: This study evaluates the value of F-18 FDG PET/CT in determining the cause of fever or inflammation of unknown origin. The findings suggest that PET/CT has a high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing the cause, and it can potentially impact the treatment plan.

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Diagnostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT vs. Chest-Abdomen-Pelvis CT Scan in Management of Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin, Inflammation of Unknown Origin or Episodic Fever of Unknown Origin: A Comparative Multicentre Prospective Study

Kim-Heang Ly et al.

Summary: This study investigated the diagnostic value of Fluorodesoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (PET/CT) compared to Chest-Abdomen-Pelvis CT (CAPCT) in patients with a fever of unknown origin (FUO), inflammation of unknown origin (IUO), and episodic fever of unknown origin (EFUO). The results showed that PET/CT had a higher diagnostic guidance and contribution compared to CAPCT and reduced the time for diagnosis in patients.

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Current situation and cost-effectiveness of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin and inflammation of unknown origin: A single-center, large-sample study from China

Jin-Chuan Chen et al.

Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status and cost-effectiveness of F-18-FDG PET/CT in the diagnostic work-up of FUO/IUO in China. The study found that F-18-FDG PET/CT is mostly used in critically-ill and hard-to-diagnose patients. Early use of F-18-FDG PET/CT can reduce hospitalization stay, limit medical costs, and improve the accuracy of etiological diagnosis.

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Quantifying the contribution of 18F-FDG PET to the diagnostic assessment of pediatric patients with fever of unknown origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Qianrui Li et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the role of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) in pediatric fever of unknown origin. The results showed that pediatric patients with abnormal PET findings were about 17 times more likely to achieve definite diagnoses than those with normal PET findings. This suggests the potential value of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET in the diagnostic assessment of pediatric fever of unknown origin.

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Diagnostic Role of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for the Evaluation of Patients With Inflammation of Unknown Origin

Reyhan Bilici Salman et al.

Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with Inflammation of Unknown Origin (IUO). PET/CT aided in diagnosing inflammatory rheumatic diseases in patients, but its effectiveness varied and had limitations in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy.

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Comparison of18F-FDG PET/CT and67Ga-SPECT for the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin: a multicenter prospective study in Japan

Kazuo Kubota et al.

Summary: This study aimed to compare the sensitivity of FDG-PET/CT with that of(67)Ga-SPECT for identifying the site of greatest importance for the final diagnosis of FUO, and found that FDG-PET/CT had significantly higher sensitivity and clinical impact compared to(67)Ga-SPECT.

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State of the art of 18F-FDG PET/CT application in inflammation and infection: a guide for image acquisition and interpretation

Massimiliano Casali et al.

Summary: The clinical use of [F-18]FDG PET/CT or PET/MRI in assessing inflammation and infection is increasing globally. This paper aims to achieve an Italian consensus document on the application of [F-18]FDG PET/CT or PET/MRI in inflammatory and infectious diseases, covering various conditions such as osteomyelitis, prosthetic joint infections, and COVID-19 infections.

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Should FDG PET/CT or PET/MR replace WBC scan in infectious and inflammatory disease?

Luca Burroni et al.

CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL IMAGING (2021)

Review Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Diagnostic value of [18F]FDG-PET/CT in polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis

K. S. M. van der Geest et al.

Summary: [18F]FDG-PET/CT scanning can effectively diagnose polymyalgia rheumatica by identifying significant uptake of FDG at specific anatomic sites. The technique shows promise as an important diagnostic tool for patients with suspected PMR, but standardized interpretation criteria and procedural recommendations are necessary for its use.

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Optimal use of [18F]FDG-PET/CT in patients with fever or inflammation of unknown origin

Catharina M. Mulders-Manders et al.

Summary: [F-18]FDG-PET/CT plays a significant role in diagnosing patients with FUO/IUO, contributing to the final diagnosis in 45.2% of cases. However, it is not effective in patients with normal inflammatory parameters and body temperature. Repeating [F-18]FDG-PET/CT should be considered only when new symptoms appear or when the first scan was conducted without fever or elevated inflammatory parameters.

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At Last, 18F-FDG for Inflammation and Infection!

Richard L. Wahl et al.

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The Utility of 18FDG-PET/CT in Diagnosing Fever of Unknown Origin: The Experience of a Large Tertiary Medical Center

Hussein Mahajna et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic yield of 18FDG-PET/CT in the work-up of FUO and found that the test is particularly effective in diagnosing patients with anemia and weight loss, with a high accuracy rate for FUO diagnosis.

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

The yield of F18 FDG PET-CT for the investigation of fever of unknown origin, compared with diagnostic CT

S. Buchrits et al.

Summary: The study found that PET-CT has higher sensitivity but slightly lower specificity compared to CT in diagnosing classical FUO. In cases where endovascular infection, hematological malignancy, or large vessel vasculitis are suspected, PET-CT is recommended as the preferred imaging modality.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Characteristics and Clinical Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Management of Adult-Onset Still's Disease: 35 Cases

Josselin Brisset et al.

Summary: The retrospective study showed that 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography coupled with CT (PET/CT) has a certain value in the management of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), especially in aiding the exclusion of differential diagnoses and guiding biopsies.

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Place of the 18F-FDG-PET/CT in the Diagnostic Workup in Patients with Classical Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)

Simon Letertre et al.

Summary: The study analyzed the diagnostic contribution of F-18-FDG-PET/CT in 44 patients with FUO, showing that F-18-FDG-PET/CT was helpful for making a final diagnosis, especially in anemic patients. Most patients underwent CT scans and echocardiography before F-18-FDG-PET/CT, and biopsies and MRIs were mainly performed after F-18-FDG-PET/CT.

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Utility of positron emission tomography-computed tomography in the evaluation of fever of unknown origin in a resource-limited tropical nation

Sohini Das et al.

Summary: PET-CT is a valuable tool in the evaluation of FUO, especially in resource-limited settings, with high sensitivity and positive predictive value. High CRP and AST levels were found to be predictors of contributory PET-CT scans, which were able to establish a definite diagnosis in majority of cases, primarily for infectious diseases.

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Predictors of Diagnostic Contributions and Spontaneous Remission of Symptoms Associated with Positron Emission Tomography with Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxy Glucose Combined with Computed Tomography in Classic Fever or Inflammation of Unknown Origin: a Retrospective Study

Seiichiro Tsuzuki et al.

Summary: This study found that proposed variables were not predictive for successful localization by FDG-PET/CT in patients with unexplained fever or inflammation. A negative FDG-PET/CT scan may be prognostic for spontaneous remission in these patients.

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Qian Wang et al.

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