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Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mary Duro et al.
Summary: The study examined the immunization status and IgM and IgG antibody behavior against SARS-CoV-2 in an unvaccinated population in Northeast Portugal. Results showed that a significant percentage had been diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, with a high percentage of asymptomatic cases and IgG seropositivity. Symptomatic patients had higher IgM and IgG values compared to asymptomatic ones.
IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Salman M. Toor et al.
Summary: COVID-19 is potentially an immune-related disease, where T cells play a crucial role with both pro- and anti-functions. Understanding the role of T cells in immune responses is essential for better management of COVID-19.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Jose Jesus Broseta et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the humoral and cellular responses to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with kidney failure receiving maintenance dialysis. Results showed that a high proportion of patients developed humoral and cellular immune responses after vaccination, but older age and immunosuppressive treatment were associated with lower antibody levels.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Manica Negahdaripour et al.
Summary: This review focuses on the challenges and considerations of COVID-19 vaccination in specific populations, such as patients with autoimmune diseases and those receiving immunosuppressive treatments. While confirmed data is lacking, reaching a consensus on vaccination for these populations is crucial, along with the need for further research and clinical trials to address these issues.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Marco Bongiovanni et al.
Summary: Subjects with previous COVID-19 infection demonstrated a faster immune response to mRNA-BNT162b2 and maintained higher antibody titers during the 16-week follow-up period. While Group 1 showed higher antibody titers immediately after vaccination compared to Group 2, both groups maintained stable antibody levels throughout the study period.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Einav G. Levin et al.
Summary: A study in Israel revealed that waning immunity after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to an increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased more significantly in men, individuals aged 65 or older, and immunosuppressed individuals in a longitudinal study involving nearly 4000 healthcare workers.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Georg Bauer et al.
Summary: Serological responses towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins show incomplete avidity maturation, but can still help define infection stages. Responses to seasonal coronaviruses do not generally impact SARS-CoV-2 serology, and avidity determination can differentiate between them.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Denis Y. Logunov et al.
Summary: The Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine showed 91.6% efficacy against COVID-19 in the phase 3 trial, with good safety and tolerability in a large cohort of participants.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Noa Dagan et al.
Summary: A study conducted in Israel on nearly 600,000 individuals showed that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was effective in reducing the risk of infection, hospitalization, and severe Covid-19. The effectiveness in preventing death was 72% during the period from day 14 through day 20 after the first dose, and hospitalization was reduced by 87% for the period 7 or more days after the second dose, similar to results from a randomized trial.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jia Wei et al.
Summary: Understanding antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for assessing protection and risk of reinfection. This study, using representative data from the UK, found that 24% of participants did not develop anti-spike antibodies, with older participants and those of non-white ethnicity having higher peak antibody levels. The estimated antibody levels associated with protection against reinfection may last 1.5-2 years on average.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mark G. Thompson et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2021)
Review
Respiratory System
J. L. Boechat et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is a new beta coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Control of the pandemic has been hindered by limited knowledge of the virus-host interactions. The rapid clinical course of COVID-19 is linked to innate immune response in asymptomatic or mild cases.
Article
Oncology
Astha Thakkar et al.
Summary: Most cancer patients show high seroconversion rates after receiving COVID-19 vaccines, but those with hematologic malignancies, especially after highly immunosuppressive therapies, exhibit lower conversion rates. Patients on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy or hormonal therapy display high conversion rates.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
M. G. Thompson et al.
Summary: A study with a test-negative design analyzed 41,552 admissions to 187 hospitals and 21,522 visits to 221 EDs or urgent care clinics. The mRNA-based vaccines (>= 14 days after the second dose) were highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to hospitalization (89%), ICU admission (90%), or an urgent care visit (91%).
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pinja Jalkanen et al.
Summary: The study shows that the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine can induce cross-neutralization to some extent of SARS-CoV-2 variants, providing partial protection. Despite the reduced neutralization effect on the B.1.351 variant, the majority of vaccinees still have some level of protection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Jia Wei et al.
Summary: A longitudinal study on 45,965 adults in the UK revealed that older individuals, especially those aged >60 years, had lower antibody levels after a single dose of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines. Prioritizing vaccine allocation for those not previously infected and older individuals for the second dose is recommended based on the findings. Further data is needed to fully understand the relationship between quantitative antibody responses and vaccine-mediated protection.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Andrzej Tretyn et al.
Summary: The study evaluated the antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 virus and cellular immune response after the vaccination with mRNA vaccines. High levels of antibodies were observed in 98% of the vaccinated cohort, and all participants had protective T cells. The immune response is diversified, visible as early as 2-3 weeks after the first dose, and the level of protection significantly increased after the second dose, especially in pre-vaccine healthy subjects.
Article
Immunology
Mina Psichogiou et al.
Summary: BNT162b2 has been shown to be highly effective, but there is a lack of data on immunogenicity factors and comparison between vaccine response and natural infection. Factors such as age, gender, vaccination side-effects, and prior infection can impact post-vaccine antibody levels. The study found differences in antibody levels post-vaccination compared to natural infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bruna Lo Sasso et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates an effective antibody response post-vaccination, with variations in antibody levels among different vaccinated groups, and higher antibody levels observed in females.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Gokhan Tut et al.
Summary: This study aimed to assess the magnitude and quality of adaptive immune responses following a single dose of COVID-19 vaccine in LTCF residents and staff. Participants with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection showed high antibody titres following vaccination independent of age. Residents without prior infection had delayed antibody responses to the first dose of vaccine, and antibody titres were significantly lower in residents compared to staff.
LANCET HEALTHY LONGEVITY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Manish Sadarangani et al.
Summary: Most COVID-19 vaccines aim to induce immune responses, particularly neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), against the spike protein of the virus. mRNA vaccines have shown efficacy after just one dose, while adenovirus vaccines elicit polyfunctional antibodies and strong T cell responses. These findings suggest that protection may not solely rely on NAbs but also involve other immune effector mechanisms.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Stefan Roest et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Pyoeng Gyun Choe et al.
Summary: The kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were investigated in asymptomatic individuals and pneumonia patients, showing a decline in antibody titer from 219.4 at 2 months to 143.7 at 5 months after infection, indicating a waning antibody response.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xiao-Ning Li et al.
Summary: The two-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine showed an effectiveness of 59.0% to 70.2% against the Delta variant, with higher efficacy among participants aged 40-59 years and in females compared to males in preventing COVID-19 and moderate diseases.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alba Grifoni et al.
Review
Microbiology
Ning Wang et al.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Paul Kellam et al.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui Wang et al.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nathan Post et al.
Article
Immunology
Rita Carsetti et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Microbiology
Petra Zimmermann et al.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2019)
Review
Microbiology
Lanying Du et al.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2009)
Article
Respiratory System
HY Mo et al.
