期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 23, 期 15, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158493
关键词
Trp metabolism; serotonin pathway; kynurenine pathway; depression; inflammation; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; stress; microbiota
资金
- FEDER-Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through the COMPETE 2020-Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), Portugal
- Portuguese funds through FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [UIDB/4255/2020, RISE-LA/P/0053/2020]
- FCT
- FEDER (European Union) [IF/00092/2014/CP1255/CT0004]
- CHAIR in Onco-Innovation at FMUP
Depression is a serious disorder involving multiple molecular and biological mechanisms, such as neuroinflammation. Tryptophan plays a crucial role in depression, particularly through its metabolic pathways that are involved in various processes associated with the disease.
Depression is a common and serious disorder, characterized by symptoms like anhedonia, lack of energy, sad mood, low appetite, and sleep disturbances. This disease is very complex and not totally elucidated, in which diverse molecular and biological mechanisms are involved, such as neuroinflammation. There is a high need for the development of new therapies and gaining new insights into this disease is urgent. One important player in depression is the amino acid tryptophan. This amino acid can be metabolized in two important pathways in the context of depression: the serotonin and kynurenine pathways. These metabolic pathways of tryptophan are crucial in several processes that are linked with depression. Indeed, the maintenance of the balance of serotonin and kynurenine pathways is critical for the human physiological homeostasis. Thus, this narrative review aims to explore tryptophan metabolism (particularly in the serotonin and kynurenine pathways) in depression, starting with a global overview about these topics and ending with the focus on these pathways in neuroinflammation, stress, microbiota, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulation in this disease. Taken together, this information aims to clarify the metabolism of tryptophan in depression, particularly the serotonin and kynurenine pathways.
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