A computational fluid dynamic study of the filling of a gaseous hydrogen tank under two contrasted scenarios

The filling of a horizontal hydrogen tank designed for light duty vehicles is investigated by means of multi-physics numerical simulations. The simulation approach, implemented in OpenFOAM, includes compressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) modeling of the fluid flow and heat transfer in the solid parts. The simulations are carried out for 2D-axisymmetric and 3D configurations. Two filling scenarios of the tank, leading to two distinct thermal behaviors, i.e. homogeneous versus heterogeneous, are simulated and compared to the experimental data issued from the HyTransfer project. In the homoge-neous case, where no thermal stratification occurs, the 2D and 3D simulation results are close to the experimental ones. A phenomenon of jet flapping is identified via the 3D simulation. In the heterogeneous case, where thermal stratification occurs, the 3D simu-lation captures an averaged temperature close to the experimental one, as well as the instant at which the thermal gradients appear. It also captures the deflection of the jet, which is a central element in the emergence of the thermal gradients.(c) 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

The filling process of a horizontal hydrogen tank for light duty vehicles was investigated using multi-physics numerical simulations. The simulations, conducted in OpenFOAM, included modeling of fluid flow and heat transfer, and showed good agreement with experimental data. The study found that in the absence of thermal stratification, the 2D and 3D simulation results closely matched the experimental results. In the presence of thermal stratification, the 3D simulation captured the average temperature and timing of thermal gradients, as well as the deflection of the jet.