Bivariate spatial statistics applied to precipitation and off-season corn yield in the state of Parana, Brazil

The state of Parana is one of the largest corn producers in Brazil, cultivating in two growing seasons. This study evaluated bivariate correlations between precipitation and the second-crop corn yield between the first 10 days of April and the first 10 days of October using spatial statistics. The spatial analysis of yield was evaluated using geostatistical models and validated by cross-validation. Spatial analysis was performed using the local indicator of spatial association and a cross-semivariogram, and the co-dispersion coefficient was used to validate the correlation between variables. Cross-validation identified the exponential model as the best fit, indicating a spatial dependence of 317.26 km. Spatial associations between municipalities were significant throughout the state of Parana, Brazil. The cross-semivariogram allowed fitting the wave, spherical, Gaussian, and exponential models, with a spatial correlation of 37.04 to 570.38 km between the precipitations and yield. Moreover, the co-dispersion coefficient validated the correlation between the two variables for all 10-day periods.

Automated summary

This study evaluated the correlation between precipitation and second-crop corn yield in the state of Parana, Brazil using spatial statistics. The spatial analysis revealed significant spatial associations between municipalities throughout the state. The exponential model was found to be the best fit, indicating a spatial dependence of 317.26 km, and the correlation between precipitation and yield was validated by the co-dispersion coefficient.