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COVID-19: gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary manifestations

HUMAN PATHOLOGY (2023)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis in Allograft Livers May Show Histologic Features of Acute Cellular Rejection

Angela R. Shih et al.

Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic features of 26 patients with CMV hepatitis and found that some of these patients had histologic changes similar to acute cellular rejection (ACR), but they could be effectively treated with antiviral therapy.

ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Post-infection functional gastrointestinal disorders following coronavirus disease-19: A case-control study

Uday C. Ghoshal et al.

Summary: This study is the first to demonstrate that COVID-19 may lead to post-infection functional gastrointestinal disorders, posing significant economic, social, and healthcare burden to the world.

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Pathology

Intestinal Abnormalities in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection Histopathologic Changes Reflect Mechanisms of Disease

Rhonda K. Yantiss et al.

Summary: Approximately 20% of patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection experience gastrointestinal bleeding and/or diarrhea. Most cases do not require endoscopic evaluation due to the risk of practitioner infection outweighing the value of biopsy analysis. Current knowledge about gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 comes primarily from surgical and autopsy cases, with no detailed reports describing other gastrointestinal effects.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Letter to the Editor: Autoimmune hepatitis after COVID-19 vaccination: A rare adverse effect?

Panagiota Palla et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

New-onset autoimmune hepatitis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in a 36-year-old woman with primary sclerosing cholangitis - should we be more vigilant?

Taotao Zhou et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Virology

Features of capsule endoscopy in COVID-19 patients with a six-month follow-up: A prospective observational study

Xiao-Ping Xie et al.

Summary: COVID-19 can impact the digestive system, leading to symptoms such as gastritis and intestinal mucosa inflammation. Even after discharge, some patients may still experience intestinal lesions and gastrointestinal symptoms.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Human liver organoid derived intra-hepatic bile duct cells support SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication

Vincent Chi-Hang Lui et al.

Summary: This study found that intra-hepatic bile duct cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and support efficient viral replication. The replication level of SARS-CoV-2 is much higher than that of SARS-CoV. These findings suggest that direct cytopathic viral damage is a mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 liver injury.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Persistent Cholestatic Injury and Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis in COVID-19 Patients

Angela R. Shih et al.

ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Extensive mucosal sloughing of the small intestine and colon in a patient with severe COVID-19

Tsukasa Yamakawa et al.

Summary: Patients with severe COVID-19 may experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as bleeding. Examination of the gastrointestinal tract revealed extensive mucosal sloughing, and analysis showed elevated levels of IL-6, suggesting its involvement in the pathophysiology of COVID-19-related gastrointestinal injury.

DEN OPEN (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Involvement of liver in COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis

Dipesh Kumar Yadav et al.

GUT (2021)

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Article Pathology

Pathological Findings of Postmortem Biopsies From Lung, Heart, and Liver of 7 Deceased COVID-19 Patients

Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi et al.

Summary: This study conducted postmortem core needle biopsies on lung, heart, and liver from deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019, revealing diffuse alveolar damage as the main pathological finding in the lungs. Myocarditis was not observed in heart biopsies, and liver tissue sections mostly showed nonspecific findings, with some cases exhibiting signs of liver ischemia.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY (2021)

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Article Surgery

A Peculiar Case of Small Bowel Stricture in a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patient with Congenital Adhesion Band and Superior Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis

Jolyn Hui Qing Pang et al.

Summary: This case report highlights a rare case of high-grade small bowel obstruction in a patient with COVID-19, where operative exploration revealed superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. It underscores the importance of considering mesenteric vein thrombosis as a differential diagnosis in COVID-19 patients presenting with abdominal pain.

ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Digestive Manifestations in Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019

B. Joseph Elmunzer et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and significance of digestive manifestations in patients with COVID-19. The research found that gastrointestinal symptoms were common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, but were mostly mild and not independently associated with a more severe clinical course. Abnormal liver test results were also common, but not significantly linked to mechanical ventilation or death among these patients.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Review Toxicology

Toxicity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine following therapeutic use or overdose

Cassandra Doyno et al.

Summary: Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have drawn attention for their potential use in treating COVID-19, but they may cause various toxic reactions, including gastrointestinal issues, cardiotoxicity, dermatologic reactions, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Long-term use may lead to retinopathy, neuro-myo-toxicity, and cardiotoxicity.

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatic Steatosis Is Associated with Increased Disease Severity and Liver Injury in Coronavirus Disease-19

Vincent L. Chen et al.

Summary: In a cohort study of 342 patients, metabolic diseases were highly prevalent with nearly 90% of patients being overweight. HS was associated with increased transaminitis and the need for intubation, dialysis, and vasopressors. However, there was no association between HS and jaundice or portal hypertensive complications. In sensitivity analysis including only patients with liver imaging > 30 days before onset of COVID-19, hepatic steatosis remained associated with disease severity and the risk of transaminitis.

DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with COVID-19 severity independently of metabolic syndrome: a retrospective case-control study

Mahmud Mahamid et al.

Summary: The study revealed that NAFLD patients were more likely to have severe COVID-19, regardless of gender and metabolic syndrome, especially in males. Other risk factors for severe COVID-19 included obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Effect of IBD medications on COVID-19 outcomes: results from an international registry

Ryan C. Ungaro et al.

Summary: Combination therapy and thiopurines may be associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19, while no significant differences were observed when comparing classes of biologicals. These findings warrant confirmation in large population-based cohorts.

GUT (2021)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal: COVID-19 related ischemic bowel disease

C-Y Chiu et al.

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Findings of Hepatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Infection

M. Isabel Fiel et al.

Summary: Liver injury due to COVID-19 is increasingly recognized, with abnormal liver tests occurring in the majority of patients. However, there is a lack of accompanying liver histologic studies in these patients. The liver histology of two severe COVID-19 hepatitis cases showed inflammatory infiltrate, bile duct damage, endotheliitis, and apoptotic bodies, suggesting possible direct cell injury.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Surgery

Bowel Ischemia in COVID-19 Infection: One-Year Surgical Experience

John O. Hwabejire et al.

Summary: COVID-19 infection can lead to bowel ischemia, a deadly complication with specific clinical and histologic characteristics. Patients with new or increasing vasopressor requirement, abdominal distension, and intolerance of gastric feeds should be evaluated for surgery. Thromboembolic complications are common in these patients despite prophylactic anticoagulation.

AMERICAN SURGEON (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Post-COVID-19 Cholangiopathy: A Novel Entity

Nitzan C. Roth et al.

Summary: This study discusses three cases of patients recovering from critical cardiopulmonary COVID-19 who developed prolonged and severe cholestasis, with histologic features similar to secondary sclerosing cholangitis but also unique characteristics indicating direct hepatic injury from COVID-19. These cases suggest a novel severe post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy with potential for long-term hepatic morbidity.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Risk of COVID 19 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases compared to a control population

Giovanni Maconi et al.

Summary: An observational study in Italy compared the prevalence of COVID-19 symptoms, diagnosis, and hospitalization between patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a control group with non-inflammatory bowel disorders. The study found that IBD patients do not have an increased risk of COVID-19 specific symptoms or more severe disease compared to the control group. These findings suggest that IBD patients may not be at a higher risk for COVID-19 compared to the general population.

DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

COVID-19 in IBD: The experience of a single tertiary IBD center

Fernando Rizzello et al.

Summary: The study found a higher incidence of COVID-19 in patients with IBD, but biological therapy does not seem to be a risk factor for infection. Most patients delayed or stopped biological therapy during the pandemic, but a small percentage continued regular treatment.

DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE (2021)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Ketamine-Induced Sclerosing Cholangitis (KISC) in a Critically Ill Patient With COVID-19

Sally A. I. Knooihuizen et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Critical Care Medicine

Absence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19-associated intestinal endothelialitis

Klaus Stahl et al.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Bowel ischemia in COVID-19: A systematic review

Suyog Patel et al.

Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review of COVID-19-induced bowel ischemia and highlights the need for more research and guidelines to identify and manage patients with this complication. Symptoms commonly associated with gastrointestinal involvement in COVID-19 patients are diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain. Management typically involves gastric decompression, fluid resuscitation, and potentially surgical intervention.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Autoimmune hepatitis after COVID-19 vaccine-more than a coincidence

Isabel Garrido et al.

Summary: The case of acute severe autoimmune hepatitis following COVID-19 vaccination highlights the importance of closely monitoring adverse reactions during the vaccination process to ensure safety. Healthcare providers must remain vigilant during mass COVID-19 vaccination to detect and manage potential complications promptly.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Intestinal Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Alexandra E. Livanos et al.

Summary: This study found that although SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the gastrointestinal tract, there was no inflammatory response in the intestine. Additionally, COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms had reduced disease severity and mortality.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Pathology

Pathological findings in the postmortem liver of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Chaohui Lisa Zhao et al.

Summary: COVID-19 patients exhibit a variety of pathological manifestations in the liver, including platelet-fibrin microthrombi, steatosis, and histiocytic hyperplasia. Abnormal liver-associated enzymes were observed in 12 cases, with most patients showing elevated D-dimer levels.

HUMAN PATHOLOGY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and severe liver injury induced by hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection unmasking Wilson's disease: Balancing immunosuppression

Matthias Lubnow et al.

Summary: This case highlights the complexity of balancing immunosuppression to control hyperinflammation and prevent systemic SARS-CoV-2 dissemination during treatment.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Toxic Effects from Ivermectin Use Associated with Prevention and Treatment of Covid-19

Courtney Temple et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Primary biliary cholangitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Alessandra Bartoli et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Post-Covid-19 Cholangiopathy-A New Indication for Liver Transplantation: A Case Report

Francisco A. Durazo et al.

Summary: Liver injury is a nonpulmonary manifestation of COVID-19, with post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy being a special entity that can progress to end-stage liver disease. This case report demonstrates successful treatment of post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy with liver transplantation.

TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Hematological manifestations and complications of COVID-19

Burak Erdinc et al.

Summary: COVID-19 commonly leads to severe complications such as pneumonia, immunocompromised state, cytokine storm, and acute thrombotic events, requiring close monitoring and early treatment to reduce mortality.

ADVANCES IN CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Pathology

Liver Pathology and SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Formalin-Fixed Tissue of Patients With COVID-19 A Single-Institution Experience

Yevgen Chornenkyy et al.

Summary: The study found that most patients who died of COVID-19 showed evidence of mild focal hepatitis clinically and histologically, although the virus was detected in less than half of the cases.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Cholangiopathy After Severe COVID-19: Clinical Features and Prognostic Implications

Saamia Faruqui et al.

Summary: Cholangiopathy is a late complication of severe COVID-19, characterized by marked elevation in ALP and bile duct injury. Further studies are needed to understand its pathogenesis, natural history, and therapeutic interventions.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Gastrointestinal Pathology in Samples From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Positive Patients

Maria Westerhoff et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the histopathology and in situ hybridization for SARS-CoV-2 in gastrointestinal samples from COVID-19 patients. The findings suggest a varied range of gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with COVID-19, but no distinct histologic findings were identified.

ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Autoimmune hepatitis developing after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine: Causality or casualty?

Fernando Bril et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Liver Histopathological Analysis of 24 Postmortem Findings of Patients With COVID-19 in China

Huikuan Chu et al.

Summary: The study investigated liver pathology in 24 COVID-19 patients, showing significant liver injuries such as hepatocellular necrosis and steatosis. Respiratory failure and male gender were associated with more severe liver damage, indicating a potential correlation between underlying conditions and liver changes in COVID-19 patients.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Short-term and Long-term Rates of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection A Systematic Review

Destin Groff et al.

Summary: This systematic review found that more than half of COVID-19 survivors experienced PASC 6 months after recovery, with the most common effects being functional mobility impairments, pulmonary abnormalities, and mental health disorders.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Pathology

Liver histopathology in COVID-19 patients: A mono-Institutional series of liver biopsies and autopsy specimens

Matteo Fassan et al.

Summary: Research suggests that the hepatic histopathological features in COVID-19 patients are often nonspecific due to other comorbidities or therapeutic protocols, rather than a direct result of viral infection.

PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatic Vasculopathy and Regenerative Responses of the Liver in Fatal Cases of COVID-19

Barbara Kaltschmidt et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal Sequelae 3 and 6 Months After Hospitalization for Coronavirus Disease 2019

Anam Rizvi et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Clinicopathological findings in patients with COVID-19-associated ischaemic enterocolitis

M. Lisa Zhang et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the impact of severe COVID-19 infection on the gastrointestinal tract and found characteristic small vessel fibrin thrombi in COVID-19 patients histologically, which distinguished them from non-COVID-19-associated acute ischaemic bowels. Further experience with these cases may clarify specific features or mechanisms of COVID-19-associated ischaemic enterocolitis.

HISTOPATHOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by COVID-19

Jessica K. Hong et al.

INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Immunology

Acute autoimmune-like hepatitis with atypical anti-mitochondrial antibody after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: A novel clinical entity?

Michele Ghielmetti et al.

Summary: This case report describes a 63-year-old man who developed acute severe autoimmune-like hepatitis seven days after receiving the mRNA1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, despite having no history of autoimmunity or natural infection with the virus. The patient displayed unique autoimmune liver serology patterns, including an atypical anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) and a distinct type of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA). Treatment with prednisone was effective for this emerging condition.

JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: Manifestations, mechanism and management

Dina Zakaria Mohamed et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 may be transmitted via the gastrointestinal tract, leading to digestive symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 has been found in patients' stool, suggesting the possibility of transmission through the fecal-oral route. Liver function should be monitored during COVID-19, especially in more severe cases.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal involvement in paediatric COVID-19-from pathogenesis to clinical management: A comprehensive review

Carmelina Calitri et al.

Summary: COVID-19 affects the gastrointestinal system in children, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The virus can be detected in stool samples and gastrointestinal symptoms may precede severe manifestations, requiring supportive treatment.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

COVID-19 and its effects on the digestive system

Ting-Ting Cao et al.

Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, affects not only the respiratory system but also the digestive system, leading to poorer prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Preventive measures during gastrointestinal procedures are crucial for controlling the spread of the virus.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Therapeutic prevention of COVID-19 in elderly: a case-control study

Frederic Blanc et al.

Summary: Elderly patients are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, and further experimental research is needed for preventive pharmacological treatments. The study suggests that the use of proton pump inhibitors may lower the risk of infection, while the use of antipsychotics or metformin may decrease the risk of mortality.

GEROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Difficulties in Differentiating Coronaviruses from Subcellular Structures in Human Tissues by Electron Microscopy

Hannah A. Bullock et al.

Summary: Efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the use of transmission electron microscopy for identifying coronavirus in tissues. Some investigators inaccurately reported subcellular structures as coronavirus particles, while in fact, there are distinct morphological features that differentiate coronavirus from subcellular structures, such as particle size range and the appearance of the nucleocapsid.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Tocilizumab-induced cytomegalovirus colitis in a patient with COVID-19

Mohamad Y. Khatib et al.

Summary: Clinicians should monitor for early signs of CMV reactivation in COVID-19 patients presenting with gastrointestinal complications after receiving immunosuppressive therapy, to prevent life-threatening complications and mortality.

CLINICAL CASE REPORTS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

The Liver in COVID-19-Related Death: Protagonist or Innocent Bystander?

Gregory Schmit et al.

Summary: Liver autopsy findings in patients with COVID-19 showed macroscopic pale and yellowish appearance, centrolobular necrosis, steatosis, and cholestasis. These histopathological changes are likely due to hypoxia from severe pneumonia and possible drug toxicity, rather than a specific pattern associated with COVID-19 infection.

PATHOBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal mucosal damage in patients with COVID-19 undergoing endoscopy: an international multicentre study

Giuseppe Vanella et al.

Summary: This study focused on endoscopic findings in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and found that nearly half of the patients had acute mucosal injuries, with over one-third of lower GI endoscopies showing features of ischaemic colitis. D-dimers above 1850 ng/mL was identified as the most useful predictor for major mucosal abnormalities.

BMJ OPEN GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastroenterological and hepatic manifestations of patients with COVID-19, prevalence, mortality by country, and intensive care admission rate: systematic review and meta-analysis

Mohammad Shehab et al.

Summary: This study examined a large amount of data from studies involving SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, finding that GI symptoms and elevated liver enzymes are common in patients with COVID-19, but their presence does not significantly affect mortality or ICU admission rates. There were geographical variations in GI mortality among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

BMJ OPEN GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Cytomegalovirus haemorrhagic enterocolitis associated with severe infection with COVID-19

Warren C. Carll et al.

Summary: This case report describes a patient with SARS-CoV-2 who developed haemorrhagic enterocolitis after recovering from respiratory failure with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The study suggests a possible link between systemic coinfection/reactivation of cytomegalovirus and the prolonged resolution of gastrointestinal inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the proposed synergistic pathophysiologic mechanisms for enterocolitis complicating severe COVID-19 infection include T lymphocyte depletion, immune response dysregulation, use of immunomodulators, and high concentration of ACE-2 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract for COVID-19 virus.

BMJ OPEN GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Evidence for Gastrointestinal Infection of SARS-CoV-2

Fei Xiao et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

Dawei Wang et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Chaolin Huang et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

W. Guan et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Letter Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in Severe Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19): Possible Mechanisms and Diagnostic Pathway

Arshed Hussain Parry et al.

ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Pathology

COVID-19 Autopsies, Oklahoma, USA

Lisa M. Barton et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Digestive Symptoms in Hubei, China: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study

Lei Pan et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

COVID-19 Presenting as Acute Hepatitis

Praneet Wander et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Digestive Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients With Mild Disease Severity: Clinical Presentation, Stool Viral RNA Testing, and Outcomes

Chaoqun Han et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Case Report: Hepatotoxicity Associated with the Use of Hydroxychloroquine in a Patient with COVID-19

Melissa Barreto Falcao et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE (2020)

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Letter Rheumatology

Clinical course of COVID-19 in a series of patients with chronic arthritis treated with immunosuppressive targeted therapies

Sara Monti et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2020)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

COVID-19-Associated Hepatitis Complicating Recent Living Donor Liver Transplantation

Stephen M. Lagana et al.

ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series

Xiao-Wei Xu et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Single cell RNA sequencing of 13 human tissues identify cell types and receptors of human coronaviruses

Furong Qi et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Endoscopic Findings in Patients Infected With 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Lombardy, Italy

Sara Massironi et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: A report of 164 cases

Hu Zhang et al.

DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE (2020)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Manifestations of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease in a Large Cohort of Infected Patients From New York: Clinical Implications

Kaveh Hajifathalian et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Famotidine Use Is Associated With Improved Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study

Daniel E. Freedberg et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Corticosteroids, But Not TNF Antagonists, Are Associated With Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Results From an International Registry

Erica J. Brenner et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Virus Load in Fecal Samples From a Hong Kong Cohort: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Ka Shing Cheung et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Digestive system is a potential route of COVID-19: an analysis of single-cell coexpression pattern of key proteins in viral entry process

Hao Zhang et al.

GUT (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gastrointestinal symptoms of 95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Lu Lin et al.

GUT (2020)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Severe liver failure during SARS-CoV-2 infection

Sabine Weber et al.

GUT (2020)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study

Xiaobo Yang et al.

Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2020)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Zhe Xu et al.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2020)

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Letter Pathology

Haemorrhagic enteritis and COVID-19: causality or coincidence

Anjali D. Amarapurkar et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Bowel Necrosis in the Setting of COVID-19

Rajshri M. Gartland et al.

JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19

Yijin Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

COVID-19: Abnormal liver function tests

Qingxian Cai et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective study

Dong Ji et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Abdominal Imaging Findings in COVID-19: Preliminary Observations

Rajesh Bhayana et al.

RADIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes

Mart M. Lamers et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Features of 20133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study

Annemarie B. Docherty et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

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Letter Cell Biology

Recapitulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cholangiocyte damage with human liver ductal organoids

Bing Zhao et al.

PROTEIN & CELL (2020)

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Article Surgery

Acute limb ischemia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Raffaello Bellosta et al.

JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Electron microscopy of SARS-CoV-2: a challenging task

Cynthia S. Goldsmith et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

SARS-CoV-2 virus and liver expression of host receptors: Putative mechanisms of liver involvement in COVID-19

Carlos J. Pirola et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Coronaviruses and Immunosuppressed Patients: The Facts During the Third Epidemic

Lorenzo D'Antiga

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues

Meng-Yuan Li et al.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY (2020)

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Article Oncology

Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection

Zou Xin et al.

FRONTIERS OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19

B. Cao et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges

Chao Zhang et al.

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes

Ruochen Zang et al.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Systematic review with meta-analysis: liver manifestations and outcomes in COVID-19

Anand V. Kulkarni et al.

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Famotidine use and quantitative symptom tracking for COVID-19 in non-hospitalised patients: a case series

Tobias Janowitz et al.

GUT (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Abnormal Liver Tests in COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study of 1,827 Patients in a Major US Hospital Network

Melanie A. Hundt et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the liver: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

Praveen Kumar-M et al.

HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

A Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-based Platform to Study SARS-CoV-2 Tropism and Model Virus Infection in Human Cells and Organoids

Liuliu Yang et al.

CELL STEM CELL (2020)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with decompensated cirrhosis

Yong Xiao et al.

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Fecal Viral Shedding in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Sravanthi Parasa et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2020)

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Article Virology

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms admitted to Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China

Ting Zheng et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Impact of Famotidine Use on Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19

Jeffrey F. Mather et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Clinical characteristics in patients with SARS-CoV-2/HBV co-infection

Liping Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Liver histopathology in severe COVID 19 respiratory failure is suggestive of vascular alterations

Aurelio Sonzogni et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Article Pediatrics

A case of an Infant with SARS-CoV-2 hepatitis early after liver transplantation

Nicole Heinz et al.

PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 presenting as fulminant hepatic failure A case report

Stephanie Melquist et al.

MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients: a rare disease precipitated by severe SARS-CoV-2 infection

Kate Edwards et al.

BMJ CASE REPORTS (2020)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

ACE2, TMPRSS2 distribution and extrapulmonary organ injury in patients with COVID-19

Mengzhen Dong et al.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2020)

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Letter Immunology

Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in Feces of Patient with Severe COVID-19

Fei Xiao et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Liver Injury and Failure in Critical Illness

Thomas Horvatits et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2019)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 in hepatic fibrosis by ACE inhibitors

Mao-liang Huang et al.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY (2010)

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Article Pathology

Kupffer cell-dependent hepatitis occurs during influenza infection

NK Polakos et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2006)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Chronic liver injury in rats and humans upregulates the novel enzyme angiotensin converting enzyme 2

G Paizis et al.

GUT (2005)

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Article Oncology

Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis

I Hamming et al.

JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2004)

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