期刊
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
卷 28, 期 19, 页码 5708-5725出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16301
关键词
climate change; coralligenous habitats; foundation species; habitat-forming species; impact assessment; marine conservation; marine heatwaves; temperate reefs
资金
- Euromarine
- Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence [CEX2019-000928]
- MCIU/AEI/FEDER [HEATMED] [RTI2018-095346-B-I00]
- Interreg-Med Programme MPA-Engage [1MED15_3.2_ M2_337]
- European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [SEP-210597628]
- French National Research Agency (4Oceans-MOPGA grant) [ANR-17-MPGA-0001]
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn
- Israel Ministry of Environmental Protection. Hocein Bazairi, Free Spinosa
- MAVA Fondation (MedKeyHabitats I Project)
- European Commission
- CIESM Tropical Signals''
- Project Coastal Environment Observatory and Risk Management in Island Regions AEGIS+ [MIS 5047038]
- Hellenic Government (Ministry of Development and Investments)
- European Union (European Regional Development Fund, Cohesion Fund)
- MARISCA Project
- EEA GRANTS
- Public Investments Programme (PIP) of the Hellenic Republic
- project Pinna nobilis-ricerca per la sopravvivenza: un'iniziativa di Citizen Science per tracciare la mortalita di massa di Pinna nobilis in Sardegna
- Regione Autonoma Sardegna [CUP 87G17000070002]
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC)
- FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology [UIDB/04423/2020, UIDP/04423/2020]
- long-term monitoring programme of the catalan Natural Parks - Departament de Territori i Sostenibilitat of the Generalitat de Catalunya
- ICREA Academia programme
- Programa Estatal de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad and Program of Marines Strategies of Spain - MITERD [CTM2016-77027-R]
- Fondation Albert 2 Monaco (MIMOSA Project)
- Tropical Signals Program of CIESM
- Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research [PON 2014-2020, AIM 1807508-1, Linea 1]
- Ente Parco Nazionale del Gargano [21/2018]
- National Geographic Society [EC-176R-18]
- European Commission through the programme
- Greenpeace Italy
- Spanish Ministries of Economy and Competitiveness [CTM2012-32603, CGL2015-71809-P]
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades [RTI2018-095441-B-C21]
- Secretary of Universities and Research (Government of Catalonia)
- Horizon 2020 programme of research and innovation of the European Union [801370]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-17-MPGA-0001] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
This study reveals that the Mediterranean Sea has experienced exceptional thermal conditions, leading to five consecutive years of mass mortality events of marine organisms. The occurrence of these events is significantly related to the heat exposure from marine heatwaves observed at the surface and depths. The Mediterranean Sea is facing an unprecedented threat to its ecosystem's health and functioning due to the accelerated ecological impacts of marine heatwaves.
Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and mass mortality events (MMEs) of marine organisms are one of their main ecological impacts. Here, we show that during the 2015-2019 period, the Mediterranean Sea has experienced exceptional thermal conditions resulting in the onset of five consecutive years of widespread MMEs across the basin. These MMEs affected thousands of kilometers of coastline from the surface to 45 m, across a range of marine habitats and taxa (50 taxa across 8 phyla). Significant relationships were found between the incidence of MMEs and the heat exposure associated with MHWs observed both at the surface and across depths. Our findings reveal that the Mediterranean Sea is experiencing an acceleration of the ecological impacts of MHWs which poses an unprecedented threat to its ecosystems' health and functioning. Overall, we show that increasing the resolution of empirical observation is critical to enhancing our ability to more effectively understand and manage the consequences of climate change.
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